[{"_1":2,"_3":-5,"_4":-5},"loaderData",{"_5":6,"_7":8},"actionData","errors","root",{"_1157":1158,"_1159":1160},"routes/tour",{"_9":10,"_11":12,"_13":14,"_15":16,"_17":18},"tenant","wmu-humanities","tour_set",{"_34":1126,"_30":-5,"_1150":-5,"_1151":-5,"_1152":1153,"_1154":-5,"_1155":-5,"_1156":10},"tour",{"_19":20,"_21":22,"_23":24,"_25":26,"_27":28,"_29":-5,"_30":31,"_32":33,"_34":35,"_36":37,"_38":39,"_40":39,"_41":-5,"_42":-5,"_43":44,"_45":46,"_47":48,"_49":50,"_51":52,"_53":-5,"_54":37,"_55":56,"_57":58,"_59":37,"_60":26,"_61":62,"_63":64,"_65":16,"_66":67,"_68":69,"_70":71,"_9":10,"_72":73,"_74":75,"_76":77,"_78":79,"_80":13,"_81":82,"_83":26},"tourParam","now-and-then-on-westnedge-hill","stopParam","bronson-boulevard","_index","otb_wmu-humanities_tours_production_20260910134618247","_id","2","_score",1,"blank_map",false,"bounds",{"_1138":1139,"_1140":1141,"_1142":1143,"_1144":1145,"_1146":1147,"_1148":1149},"default_lng","description","

From buildings and objects to people and places, everyone and everything has a history. The layers of Westnedge Hill peel backward from the recent past to generations before the Treaty of Chicago (1821) ceded Ottawa and the Pottawatomi lands to the United States.

During the early generations of Euro-American settlement, this moraine—an artifact of stones and earth from the Ice Ages—impeded travel. One had to go around the peak along a crescent-shaped spur that circumvented the otherwise straight road between Kalamazoo and Portage Township. Still, farmers settled the hill. In 1861, the Axtell, Heydenburk, Laine, and Booher families owned land on the high ridge. Martin and Mary Heydenburk built a house midway up southside of the hill that stood for 155 years. Other early homes still stand, including an ca. 1870 Italianate house at the corner of Edgemoor and South Westnedge.

This tour meanders through Westnedge Hill, beginning and ending at Crane Park, and crossing South Westnedge twice at Inkster Street. It focuses selectively on places, buildings, and structures in the early and mid-twentieth century.

Many stops draw from books, articles, and presentations crafted by local public historians and a footnoted version is available to recognize the core intellectual work that underpins this digital tour. At other times, I veer from the beaten path. Sometime this is to make a small point about history including more than the wealthiest residents and the biggest houses. And, sometimes, I just need a good stop between two existing points.

Please note that there are multiple images at each stop. Use the arrows on the first image to move from one to the next. Click on an image for a fuller description/citation.

A map showing the recommended tour path (without stop locations) can be found here. If you walk this tour, please be aware of traffic and only cross South Westnedge at the Inkster Street traffic light. There is no need to cross Westnedge to see the Westnedge Hill Apartments or the Everyman's House. These are visible from Crane Park.

\n\n

","flat_pages",[],"id",2,"is_geo",true,"link_address","","link_text","map_icon","map_overlay","map_type","terrain","media",[1121,1122],"meta_description","Follow along on a digital tour of Westnedge Hill's architecture and history.","mode",{"_34":232,"_74":1117},"modes",[1113,1114,1115,1116],"open_geographies_endpoint","published","published_on","2026-09-10","read_duration","12 minutes reading","restrict_bounds","restrict_bounds_to_overlay","sanitized_description","From buildings and objects to people and places, everyone and everything has a history. The layers of Westnedge Hill peel backward from the recent past to generations before the Treaty of Chicago (1821) ceded Ottawa and the Pottawatomi lands to the United States. During the early generations of Euro-American settlement, this moraine—an artifact of stones and earth from the Ice Ages—impeded travel. One had to go around the peak along a crescent-shaped spur that circumvented the otherwise straight road between Kalamazoo and Portage Township. Still, farmers settled the hill. In 1861, the Axtell, Heydenburk, Laine, and Booher families owned land on the high ridge. Martin and Mary Heydenburk built a house midway up southside of the hill that stood for 155 years. Other early homes still stand, including an ca. 1870 Italianate house at the corner of Edgemoor and South Westnedge. This tour meanders through Westnedge Hill, beginning and ending at Crane Park, and crossing South Westnedge twice at Inkster Street. It focuses selectively on places, buildings, and structures in the early and mid-twentieth century. Many stops draw from books, articles, and presentations crafted by local public historians and a footnoted version is available to recognize the core intellectual work that underpins this digital tour. At other times, I veer from the beaten path. Sometime this is to make a small point about history including more than the wealthiest residents and the biggest houses. And, sometimes, I just need a good stop between two existing points. Please note that there are multiple images at each stop. Use the arrows on the first image to move from one to the next. Click on an image for a fuller description/citation. A map showing the recommended tour path (without stop locations) can be found here. If you walk this tour, please be aware of traffic and only cross South Westnedge at the Inkster Street traffic light. There is no need to cross Westnedge to see the Westnedge Hill Apartments or the Everyman's House. These are visible from Crane Park.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","splash",{"_74":133,"_134":135,"_136":1112},"slug","slugs",[1103,1104,1105,1106,1107,1108,1109,1110,1111,16],"stop_count",16,"stops",[85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100],"tenant_title","Wmu Humanities","title","Now and Then on Westnedge Hill","travel_duration","14 minutes walking","theme",{"_34":35,"_74":84},"type","voice_overs",[],"use_directions","blue",{"_101":1063,"_102":24,"_103":-5,"_105":24,"_107":108,"_109":-5,"_30":1064,"_111":-5,"_112":-5,"_113":114,"_34":24,"_115":1065,"_117":1066,"_41":-5,"_45":1067,"_47":1068,"_121":26,"_122":-5,"_123":-5,"_54":37,"_61":1069,"_65":1061,"_66":1070,"_63":1071,"_74":1062,"_80":129,"_130":-5,"_131":-5,"_81":1072},{"_101":1028,"_102":35,"_103":1029,"_105":35,"_107":1030,"_109":-5,"_30":1031,"_111":-5,"_112":-5,"_113":114,"_34":35,"_115":1032,"_117":1033,"_41":-5,"_45":1034,"_47":1035,"_121":26,"_122":-5,"_123":-5,"_54":37,"_61":1036,"_65":1026,"_66":1037,"_63":1038,"_74":1027,"_80":129,"_130":-5,"_131":-5,"_81":1039},{"_101":989,"_102":143,"_103":990,"_105":143,"_107":991,"_109":-5,"_30":992,"_111":-5,"_112":-5,"_113":114,"_34":143,"_115":993,"_117":994,"_41":-5,"_45":995,"_47":996,"_121":26,"_122":-5,"_123":-5,"_54":37,"_61":997,"_65":987,"_66":998,"_63":999,"_74":988,"_80":129,"_130":-5,"_131":-5,"_81":1000},{"_101":932,"_102":232,"_103":933,"_105":232,"_107":934,"_109":-5,"_30":935,"_111":-5,"_112":-5,"_113":114,"_34":232,"_115":936,"_117":937,"_41":-5,"_45":938,"_47":939,"_121":26,"_122":-5,"_123":-5,"_54":37,"_61":940,"_65":930,"_66":941,"_63":942,"_74":931,"_80":129,"_130":-5,"_131":-5,"_81":943},{"_101":854,"_102":157,"_103":855,"_105":450,"_107":856,"_109":-5,"_30":857,"_111":-5,"_112":-5,"_113":114,"_34":450,"_115":858,"_117":859,"_41":-5,"_45":860,"_47":861,"_121":26,"_122":-5,"_123":-5,"_54":37,"_61":862,"_65":852,"_66":863,"_63":864,"_74":853,"_80":129,"_130":-5,"_131":-5,"_81":865},{"_101":816,"_102":450,"_103":817,"_105":768,"_107":818,"_109":-5,"_30":819,"_111":-5,"_112":-5,"_113":114,"_34":768,"_115":820,"_117":821,"_41":-5,"_45":822,"_47":823,"_121":26,"_122":-5,"_123":-5,"_54":37,"_61":824,"_65":814,"_66":825,"_63":826,"_74":815,"_80":129,"_130":-5,"_131":-5,"_81":827},{"_101":767,"_102":768,"_103":769,"_105":764,"_107":770,"_109":-5,"_30":771,"_111":-5,"_112":-5,"_113":114,"_34":764,"_115":772,"_117":773,"_41":-5,"_45":774,"_47":775,"_121":26,"_122":-5,"_123":-5,"_54":37,"_61":776,"_65":765,"_66":777,"_63":778,"_74":766,"_80":129,"_130":-5,"_131":-5,"_81":779},{"_101":685,"_102":597,"_103":686,"_105":636,"_107":687,"_109":-5,"_30":688,"_111":-5,"_112":-5,"_113":114,"_34":636,"_115":689,"_117":690,"_41":-5,"_45":691,"_47":692,"_121":26,"_122":-5,"_123":-5,"_54":37,"_61":693,"_65":683,"_66":694,"_63":695,"_74":684,"_80":129,"_130":-5,"_131":-5,"_81":696},{"_101":635,"_102":636,"_103":637,"_105":632,"_107":638,"_109":-5,"_30":639,"_111":-5,"_112":-5,"_113":114,"_34":632,"_115":640,"_117":641,"_41":-5,"_45":642,"_47":643,"_121":26,"_122":-5,"_123":-5,"_54":37,"_61":644,"_65":633,"_66":645,"_63":646,"_74":634,"_80":129,"_130":-5,"_131":-5,"_81":647},{"_101":600,"_102":198,"_103":601,"_105":597,"_107":602,"_109":-5,"_30":603,"_111":-5,"_112":-5,"_113":114,"_34":597,"_115":604,"_117":605,"_41":-5,"_45":606,"_47":607,"_121":26,"_122":-5,"_123":-5,"_54":37,"_61":608,"_65":598,"_66":609,"_63":610,"_74":599,"_80":129,"_130":-5,"_131":-5,"_81":611},{"_101":529,"_102":423,"_103":530,"_105":426,"_107":531,"_109":-5,"_30":532,"_111":-5,"_112":-5,"_113":114,"_34":426,"_115":533,"_117":534,"_41":-5,"_45":535,"_47":536,"_121":26,"_122":-5,"_123":-5,"_54":37,"_61":537,"_65":527,"_66":538,"_63":539,"_74":528,"_80":129,"_130":-5,"_131":-5,"_81":540},{"_101":425,"_102":426,"_103":427,"_105":423,"_107":428,"_109":-5,"_30":429,"_111":-5,"_112":-5,"_113":114,"_34":423,"_115":430,"_117":431,"_41":-5,"_45":432,"_47":433,"_121":26,"_122":-5,"_123":-5,"_54":37,"_61":434,"_65":18,"_66":435,"_63":436,"_74":424,"_80":129,"_130":-5,"_131":-5,"_81":437},{"_101":338,"_102":335,"_103":339,"_105":335,"_107":340,"_109":-5,"_30":341,"_111":-5,"_112":-5,"_113":114,"_34":335,"_115":342,"_117":343,"_41":-5,"_45":344,"_47":345,"_121":26,"_122":-5,"_123":-5,"_54":37,"_61":346,"_65":336,"_66":347,"_63":348,"_74":337,"_80":129,"_130":-5,"_131":-5,"_81":349},{"_101":270,"_102":267,"_103":271,"_105":267,"_107":272,"_109":-5,"_30":273,"_111":-5,"_112":-5,"_113":114,"_34":267,"_115":274,"_117":275,"_41":-5,"_45":276,"_47":277,"_121":26,"_122":-5,"_123":-5,"_54":37,"_61":278,"_65":268,"_66":279,"_63":280,"_74":269,"_80":129,"_130":-5,"_131":-5,"_81":281},{"_101":201,"_102":202,"_103":203,"_105":198,"_107":108,"_109":-5,"_30":204,"_111":-5,"_112":-5,"_113":114,"_34":198,"_115":205,"_117":206,"_41":-5,"_45":207,"_47":208,"_121":26,"_122":-5,"_123":-5,"_54":37,"_61":209,"_65":199,"_66":210,"_63":211,"_74":200,"_80":129,"_130":-5,"_131":-5,"_81":212},{"_101":-5,"_102":69,"_103":104,"_105":106,"_107":108,"_109":-5,"_30":110,"_111":-5,"_112":-5,"_113":114,"_34":106,"_115":116,"_117":118,"_41":-5,"_45":119,"_47":120,"_121":26,"_122":-5,"_123":-5,"_54":37,"_61":124,"_65":125,"_66":126,"_63":127,"_74":128,"_80":129,"_130":-5,"_131":-5,"_81":132},"next","position","previous",{"_34":198,"_65":199,"_74":200},"relation_id",19,"address","2125 Crane Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA","article_link","

The Westnedge Hill neighborhood offers an open-air laboratory to think about the past and what makes buildings, structures, or places interesting in the first place. Perhaps a recognizable event of great importance took place there. Or there exists a local example of a broader trend—such as domestic servants or the danger of fire—in our shared past. Maybe it is connected to an important person. Architecture often matters but not necessarily because it represents high-style architecture or the work of an expert architect. Who decides?

There are many more places that matter to everyday Americans than those with existing legal protections. While local, state, and national governments play a role in defining historical significance, everyday people have—in a democracy—a significant voice in deciding what places matter. Most historical storytelling that supports the ethos of preservation takes place at the local level.

On a personal and professional level, this is my public history project in Kalamazoo. My main purpose is to offer something tangible and locally relevant to public history students. It was also a good excuse to learn more about the place (the city and neighborhood) I had just moved. While working on this tour, I stumbled across Beat Brigade’s album, “Westnedge Hill” (2015). Several of the artists grew up in the neighborhood and both the “Westnedge Hill” music video and the lyrics of “Welcome Back” incorporate elements of place and local history into the production. The language may or may not be suitable for all listeners, but it is useful reminder about place and memory and the myriad ways people in the present interact with the past.

Explore your house, street, neighborhood, and city with a close eye to the layers of history and you will come away learning something new about a place you love almost every time.

If you would like to provide feedback, you can do so here.

","direction_intro","direction_notes","icon_color","#D32F2F","lat",42.2701757860131,"lng",-85.58842693085785,[139,140,141],"Westnedge Hill offers an open-air laboratory to think about place, history, architecture, and making choices in telling history.","orphaned","parking_lat","parking_lng","The Westnedge Hill neighborhood offers an open-air laboratory to think about the past and what makes buildings, structures, or places interesting in the first place. Perhaps a recognizable event of great importance took place there. Or there exists a local example of a broader trend—such as domestic servants or the danger of fire—in our shared past. Maybe it is connected to an important person. Architecture often matters but not necessarily because it represents high-style architecture or the work of an expert architect. Who decides? There are many more places that matter to everyday Americans than those with existing legal protections. While local, state, and national governments play a role in defining historical significance, everyday people have—in a democracy—a significant voice in deciding what places matter. Most historical storytelling that supports the ethos of preservation takes place at the local level. On a personal and professional level, this is my public history project in Kalamazoo. My main purpose is to offer something tangible and locally relevant to public history students. It was also a good excuse to learn more about the place (the city and neighborhood) I had just moved. While working on this tour, I stumbled across Beat Brigade’s album, “Westnedge Hill” (2015). Several of the artists grew up in the neighborhood and both the “Westnedge Hill” music video and the lyrics of “Welcome Back” incorporate elements of place and local history into the production. The language may or may not be suitable for all listeners, but it is useful reminder about place and memory and the myriad ways people in the present interact with the past. Explore your house, street, neighborhood, and city with a close eye to the layers of history and you will come away learning something new about a place you love almost every time. If you would like to provide feedback, you can do so here.","place-and-memory",[138,125],{"_74":133,"_134":135,"_136":137},"Place and Memory","stop","video_embed","video_poster",[],"Westnedge Hill, 1870","caption","George Wilke Reed, Westnedge Avenue, oil painting, c 1870, 50.50A, Kalamazoo Valley Museum.","url","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/xaw65wzkpynao95rd3qok8kfvmlw?variant=desktop","new-stop-1699718936252",{"_105":190,"_102":24,"_134":135,"_145":163,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":191,"_153":192,"_34":193,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":133,"_165":-5},{"_105":176,"_102":35,"_134":177,"_145":178,"_147":179,"_149":180,"_151":181,"_153":182,"_34":183,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":184,"_165":180},{"_105":142,"_102":143,"_134":144,"_145":146,"_147":148,"_149":150,"_151":152,"_153":154,"_34":155,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":164,"_165":150},64,3,"A track from \"Westnedge Hill\" describing growing up on Westnedge Hill in Kalamazoo. The language may not be suitable for all listeners.","desktop_width",500,"embed","//w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/248636923&color=%23ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=true&show_comments=false&show_user=false&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=false&visual=true&sharing=false","embed_id","248636923","filename","248636923.jpg","files",{"_166":167,"_168":169,"_170":171,"_172":173,"_174":175},67,"lqip_width",5,"mobile_width",300,"original_image","provider","tablet_width",400,"J Mapes: Beat Brigade ft. Gyro \"Welcome Back\"","video","original","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/fcmq0et7kqcrsd6ko7d6ni045ega","mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/fcmq0et7kqcrsd6ko7d6ni045ega?variant=mobile","tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/fcmq0et7kqcrsd6ko7d6ni045ega?variant=tablet","desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/fcmq0et7kqcrsd6ko7d6ni045ega?variant=desktop","lqip","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/fcmq0et7kqcrsd6ko7d6ni045ega?variant=lqip",65,"A music video for Beat Brigade Productions featuring Gyro, Patience and Matt OC for their newest single, \"Westnedge Hill\" (produced by Joey Mapes). The language may not be suitable for all listeners.",750,"//player.vimeo.com/video/131030522","131030522","131030522.jpg",{"_166":185,"_168":186,"_170":187,"_172":188,"_174":189},68,"Beat Brigade - Westnedge Hill [OFFICIAL VIDEO]","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/ok5xwj9ox0t6uzqug5gpsqz0vn4w","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/ok5xwj9ox0t6uzqug5gpsqz0vn4w?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/ok5xwj9ox0t6uzqug5gpsqz0vn4w?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/ok5xwj9ox0t6uzqug5gpsqz0vn4w?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/ok5xwj9ox0t6uzqug5gpsqz0vn4w?variant=lqip",66,"Westnedge Hill, 1870.png",{"_166":194,"_168":195,"_170":196,"_172":137,"_174":197},69,"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/xaw65wzkpynao95rd3qok8kfvmlw","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/xaw65wzkpynao95rd3qok8kfvmlw?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/xaw65wzkpynao95rd3qok8kfvmlw?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/xaw65wzkpynao95rd3qok8kfvmlw?variant=lqip",10,"crane-house","Crane House",{"_34":106,"_65":125,"_74":128},15,{"_34":267,"_65":268,"_74":269},"

Edgar A. Crane, a Civil War veteran who lived at this corner, would probably not recognize his house today. Crane lived in this massive Queen Anne house from 1895 until his death in 1911. He knew the landscape as it appeared just before a flurry of development led to a park, neighborhood, boulevard, and school. In fact, it was through his estate that parts of the side yard became Crane Park.

Three years later, fire destroyed most of the old Crane house. The reconstruction retained elements of the original house, including the wrap-around porch and part of the tower, but the resulting house shared a greater resemblance to colonial revival than Queen Anne. It resulted in a mix of two eras, two styles, and two houses.

",42.269707375115765,-85.58827672715302,[222,223,224,225],"Edgar A. Crane, for whom the park is named, would not recognize the landscape today.","Edgar A. Crane, a Civil War veteran who lived at this corner, would probably not recognize his house today. Crane lived in this massive Queen Anne house from 1895 until his death in 1911. He knew the landscape as it appeared just before a flurry of development led to a park, neighborhood, boulevard, and school. In fact, it was through his estate that parts of the side yard became Crane Park. Three years later, fire destroyed most of the old Crane house. The reconstruction retained elements of the original house, including the wrap-around porch and part of the tower, but the resulting house shared a greater resemblance to colonial revival than Queen Anne. It resulted in a mix of two eras, two styles, and two houses.",[216,217,218,219,220,221,199],{"_74":213,"_134":214,"_136":215},[],"Edgar Crane House, c. 1900","Edgar Crane House, Picturesque Kalamazoo (1909), no pp.","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/8djau73yx3vses1n4q6n8vw3nite?variant=desktop","new-stop-1699028107215","midvale-terrace","midvale-robert-sayforth","robert-sayforth-h","robert-sayforth","robert-sayforth-house",{"_105":259,"_102":260,"_134":214,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":261,"_153":262,"_34":259,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":213,"_165":-5},{"_105":251,"_102":24,"_134":242,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":252,"_153":253,"_34":251,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":245,"_165":-5},{"_105":241,"_102":35,"_134":242,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":243,"_153":244,"_34":241,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":245,"_165":-5},{"_105":226,"_102":143,"_134":227,"_145":228,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":229,"_153":230,"_34":231,"_156":232,"_158":233,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":234,"_74":235,"_165":-5},71,"Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, 1932, pg. 226, Kalamazoo Public Library.",670,"Crane House, SFIM, 1932, pg 226 (cropped).jpg",{"_166":236,"_168":237,"_170":238,"_172":239,"_174":240},75,4,268,357,"Crane House, 1932","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/facu9sc2ul6i3k4zw2j6lo8sss4l","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/facu9sc2ul6i3k4zw2j6lo8sss4l?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/facu9sc2ul6i3k4zw2j6lo8sss4l?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/facu9sc2ul6i3k4zw2j6lo8sss4l?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/facu9sc2ul6i3k4zw2j6lo8sss4l?variant=lqip",48,"Edgar Crane House, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","Edgar Crane house (2).jpg",{"_166":246,"_168":247,"_170":248,"_172":249,"_174":250},"Edgar Crane House","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/0lo9f8bcqzhahgt7xe0wvrdhs42l","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/0lo9f8bcqzhahgt7xe0wvrdhs42l?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/0lo9f8bcqzhahgt7xe0wvrdhs42l?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/0lo9f8bcqzhahgt7xe0wvrdhs42l?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/0lo9f8bcqzhahgt7xe0wvrdhs42l?variant=lqip",47,"Edgar Crane House.jpg",{"_166":254,"_168":255,"_170":256,"_172":257,"_174":258},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/vqrd2l11ktnmxjc20l68um632198","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/vqrd2l11ktnmxjc20l68um632198?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/vqrd2l11ktnmxjc20l68um632198?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/vqrd2l11ktnmxjc20l68um632198?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/vqrd2l11ktnmxjc20l68um632198?variant=lqip",46,0,"Crane House, Picturesque Kalamazoo, 1909.png",{"_166":263,"_168":264,"_170":265,"_172":215,"_174":266},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/8djau73yx3vses1n4q6n8vw3nite","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/8djau73yx3vses1n4q6n8vw3nite?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/8djau73yx3vses1n4q6n8vw3nite?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/8djau73yx3vses1n4q6n8vw3nite?variant=lqip",14,"inkster-and-westnedge-standpipe","Inkster and Westnedge Standpipe",{"_34":198,"_65":199,"_74":200},{"_34":335,"_65":336,"_74":337},"Westnedge at Inkster (NW Corner), Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA","

Between 1913 and 1939, the neighborhood’s water supply came from the corner of Inkster and South Westnedge. Built in 1913, the standpipe was made of a steel cylinder encased in brick veneer. It held 500,000 gallons of water. It predated most of the houses built here in the 1920s and 30s. For two decades, students walking to Parkwood would have passed by a giant water tower.

The imposing structure lasted only one generation. In 1939, a new water tower on Edgemoor Avenue replaced this standpipe. New houses filled in the gap left by the old water tower that once dominated the top of the hill.

",42.26692660994487,-85.58962856049652,[287,288,289,290],"For almost three decades, a large standpipe towered above this intersection.","Between 1913 and 1939, the neighborhood’s water supply came from the corner of Inkster and South Westnedge. Built in 1913, the standpipe was made of a steel cylinder encased in brick veneer. It held 500,000 gallons of water. It predated most of the houses built here in the 1920s and 30s. For two decades, students walking to Parkwood would have passed by a giant water tower. The imposing structure lasted only one generation. In 1939, a new water tower on Edgemoor Avenue replaced this standpipe. New houses filled in the gap left by the old water tower that once dominated the top of the hill.",[285,286,268],{"_74":282,"_134":283,"_136":284},[],"South West Standpipe, c. 1940","South West Standpipe, c. 1940, Kalamazoo Gazette; Lynn Smith Houghton and Pamela Hall O'Conner, Kalamazoo Lost & Found (Kalamazoo Historic Preservation Commission, 2012), 162.","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/12ky0gukqif36l2pi5sp6ui9nslw?variant=desktop","new-stop-1699028549890","old-water-tour",{"_105":325,"_102":24,"_134":283,"_145":326,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":327,"_153":328,"_34":325,"_156":143,"_158":329,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":330,"_74":282,"_165":-5},{"_105":312,"_102":35,"_134":313,"_145":314,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":315,"_153":316,"_34":312,"_156":232,"_158":317,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":318,"_74":319,"_165":-5},{"_105":301,"_102":35,"_134":302,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":303,"_153":304,"_34":305,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":306,"_165":-5},{"_105":183,"_102":143,"_134":291,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":292,"_153":293,"_34":294,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":295,"_165":-5},"S West Sandpipe, Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, 1932, pg. 225, Kalamazoo Public Library.","S West Sandpipe, SFIM, 1932, pg 225 (cropped).jpg",{"_166":296,"_168":297,"_170":298,"_172":299,"_174":300},72,"S. West Stand Pipe, 1928","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/00w58nymc6bas7wmc7wtlmdt1qcl","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/00w58nymc6bas7wmc7wtlmdt1qcl?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/00w58nymc6bas7wmc7wtlmdt1qcl?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/00w58nymc6bas7wmc7wtlmdt1qcl?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/00w58nymc6bas7wmc7wtlmdt1qcl?variant=lqip",59,"Northwest corner of Inkster Avenue and South Westnedge Street, 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","Standpipe (2).jpg",{"_166":307,"_168":308,"_170":309,"_172":310,"_174":311},61,"Site of the Standpipe","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/8wcop68e2j92q9cusbf2lfjgnc3e","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/8wcop68e2j92q9cusbf2lfjgnc3e?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/8wcop68e2j92q9cusbf2lfjgnc3e?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/8wcop68e2j92q9cusbf2lfjgnc3e?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/8wcop68e2j92q9cusbf2lfjgnc3e?variant=lqip",43,"Aluminum Water Tower, Kalamazoo, c 1940, photographed by Mamie Austin, P-35, Kalamazoo Public Library.",580,"Aluminum Water Tower, Kalamazoo, c 1940, photographed by Mamie Austin, P-35, KPL.png",{"_166":320,"_168":321,"_170":322,"_172":323,"_174":324},232,309,"Replacement water tower on Edgemoor, c. 1940","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/44r1i6ierqv7fpfidy2s71x97dg8","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/44r1i6ierqv7fpfidy2s71x97dg8?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/44r1i6ierqv7fpfidy2s71x97dg8?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/44r1i6ierqv7fpfidy2s71x97dg8?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/44r1i6ierqv7fpfidy2s71x97dg8?variant=lqip",44,506,"South West Standpipe, c 1940, Kalamazoo Gazette, .png",{"_166":331,"_168":332,"_170":333,"_172":284,"_174":334},202,270,"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/12ky0gukqif36l2pi5sp6ui9nslw","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/12ky0gukqif36l2pi5sp6ui9nslw?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/12ky0gukqif36l2pi5sp6ui9nslw?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/12ky0gukqif36l2pi5sp6ui9nslw?variant=lqip",13,"whose-history","Whose history?",{"_34":267,"_65":268,"_74":269},{"_34":423,"_65":18,"_74":424},"2329 Glenwood Dr, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA","

This Italian Renaissance house, built in the early 1920s, offers a choose-your-own path of histories to discuss. What stories matter? What stories do you want to tell?

Perhaps the significance is in the rarer architecture or one of its early owners, Nicholas J. Baumann. He was already the president of a motor company before the age of thirty. In this telling, the story is about triumph. A census enumerator listed Baumann as an automobile distributor and estimated the house’s value at $50,000 (approximately $900,000 in 2023 dollars). The Baumanns had three children living in the house in 1930. The family lived in this house at 2329 Glenwood until moving again to Short Road between Oakland Drive in the Vine Neighborhood.

What if tragedy—from which money could not spare the family—had sparked the move? The Baumanns moved from Grove Street on West Main Hill to Glenwood in the 1920s, shortly after a car hit and killed their five-year-old son

Perhaps the significance is in the house as a site of wage labor. Evelyn Jeffries, an African American domestic servant born March 5, 1899, also lived here. By 1920, she had married and divorced her first husband. She worked as a dressmaker and lived with her two children in the home of her mother on Peeler Street at the bottom of Glenwood Drive. Ten years later, Evelyn’s children still lived with the grandmother on Peeler Street. Evelyn lived with her employer—up the hill from her children—in 1930.

Domestic servants were common in the larger homes in this section of Westnedge Hill. If you walked from Bronson Blvd and Midvale Terrace, you passed at least three houses that had African American servants.

Across the street at 2322 Glenwood, in the Colonial Revival house designed by Chicago's Robert Seyfarth, lived a white servant named Carolina Howland. Lulu Redfer, an African American from North Carolina, lived and worked next door at 2318 Glenwood. Three doors down, in the imposing Tudor house also designed by Seyfarth, lived an African American servant couple, Theodore and Jessie Talbot.

These grand houses were sites of rest and leisure . They were also sites of employment.

",42.26769277162084,-85.59069071526642,[368,369,370,371,372],"Houses contain more history than just those who design and own them. ","This Italian Renaissance house, built in the early 1920s, offers a choose-your-own path of histories to discuss. What stories matter? What stories do you want to tell?Perhaps the significance is in the rarer architecture or one of its early owners, Nicholas J. Baumann. He was already the president of a motor company before the age of thirty. In this telling, the story is about triumph. A census enumerator listed Baumann as an automobile distributor and estimated the house’s value at $50,000 (approximately $900,000 in 2023 dollars). The Baumanns had three children living in the house in 1930. The family lived in this house at 2329 Glenwood until moving again to Short Road between Oakland Drive in the Vine Neighborhood. What if tragedy—from which money could not spare the family—had sparked the move? The Baumanns moved from Grove Street on West Main Hill to Glenwood in the 1920s, shortly after a car hit and killed their five-year-old son Perhaps the significance is in the house as a site of wage labor. Evelyn Jeffries, an African American domestic servant born March 5, 1899, also lived here. By 1920, she had married and divorced her first husband. She worked as a dressmaker and lived with her two children in the home of her mother on Peeler Street at the bottom of Glenwood Drive. Ten years later, Evelyn’s children still lived with the grandmother on Peeler Street. Evelyn lived with her employer—up the hill from her children—in 1930. Domestic servants were common in the larger homes in this section of Westnedge Hill. If you walked from Bronson Blvd and Midvale Terrace, you passed at least three houses that had African American servants. Across the street at 2322 Glenwood, in the Colonial Revival house designed by Chicago's Robert Seyfarth, lived a white servant named Carolina Howland. Lulu Redfer, an African American from North Carolina, lived and worked next door at 2318 Glenwood. Three doors down, in the imposing Tudor house also designed by Seyfarth, lived an African American servant couple, Theodore and Jessie Talbot. These grand houses were sites of rest and leisure . They were also sites of employment.",[353,354,355,356,357,358,359,360,361,362,363,364,365,366,367,336],{"_74":350,"_134":351,"_136":352},[],"Italian Revival","2329 Glenwood Drive, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/kdj3mhcvup29b70234lyb2vnwztv?variant=desktop","new-stop-1699028510068","mediterranian-revival","mediterranean-revival","picturesque-and-italian-renaissance","italian-renaissance","italian-renaissance-picturesque-and-italian-renaissance","italian-renaissance-italian-renaissance","italian-renaissance-italian-renaissance-and-domestic-servants","the-big-houses","italian","italian-renaissance-robert","italian-renaissance-robert-seyfarth","italian-renaissance-robert-seyfarth-and-domestic-servants","what","whose",{"_105":416,"_102":260,"_134":351,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":417,"_153":418,"_34":416,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":350,"_165":-5},{"_105":406,"_102":35,"_134":407,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":408,"_153":409,"_34":406,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":410,"_165":-5},{"_105":305,"_102":35,"_134":396,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":397,"_153":398,"_34":399,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":400,"_165":-5},{"_105":386,"_102":143,"_134":387,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":388,"_153":389,"_34":142,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":390,"_165":-5},{"_105":373,"_102":232,"_134":374,"_145":375,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":376,"_153":377,"_34":378,"_156":232,"_158":379,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":159,"_74":380,"_165":-5},70,"Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, 1932, pg. 225, Kalamazoo Public Library",563,"Bronson to Millwood, SFIM, 1932, pg 225 (cropped).jpg",{"_166":381,"_168":382,"_170":383,"_172":384,"_174":385},74,225,"Bronson Blvd to Glenwood Drive, 1932","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/470s1rtpmnkvjubj03quwpt14fil","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/470s1rtpmnkvjubj03quwpt14fil?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/470s1rtpmnkvjubj03quwpt14fil?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/470s1rtpmnkvjubj03quwpt14fil?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/470s1rtpmnkvjubj03quwpt14fil?variant=lqip",62,"All of the visible houses in this view had live-in domestic servants in 1930. Wildwood and Glenwood Drive, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","Glenwood.jpg",{"_166":391,"_168":392,"_170":393,"_172":394,"_174":395},"Glenwood and Wildwood","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/l5lhf4n67cxi8yz1xcrshnpifku0","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/l5lhf4n67cxi8yz1xcrshnpifku0?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/l5lhf4n67cxi8yz1xcrshnpifku0?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/l5lhf4n67cxi8yz1xcrshnpifku0?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/l5lhf4n67cxi8yz1xcrshnpifku0?variant=lqip","2322 Glenwood Drive, 2020, photograph from Zillow.com","2322 Glenwood Drive (Zillow).png",{"_166":401,"_168":402,"_170":403,"_172":404,"_174":405},63,"A Roberth Seyfarth Colonial Revival","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/15lud1xa7sud5v9zj7f6munjhote","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/15lud1xa7sud5v9zj7f6munjhote?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/15lud1xa7sud5v9zj7f6munjhote?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/15lud1xa7sud5v9zj7f6munjhote?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/15lud1xa7sud5v9zj7f6munjhote?variant=lqip",42,"2230 Glenwood Drive, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","2230 Glenwood (1).jpg",{"_166":411,"_168":412,"_170":413,"_172":414,"_174":415},"Massive Tudor (Seyfarth) house","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/qrbuamesc6u2advxvp684ewwwdqs","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/qrbuamesc6u2advxvp684ewwwdqs?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/qrbuamesc6u2advxvp684ewwwdqs?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/qrbuamesc6u2advxvp684ewwwdqs?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/qrbuamesc6u2advxvp684ewwwdqs?variant=lqip",40,"2329 Glenwood.jpg",{"_166":419,"_168":420,"_170":421,"_172":352,"_174":422},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/kdj3mhcvup29b70234lyb2vnwztv","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/kdj3mhcvup29b70234lyb2vnwztv?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/kdj3mhcvup29b70234lyb2vnwztv?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/kdj3mhcvup29b70234lyb2vnwztv?variant=lqip",11,"Bronson Boulevard",{"_34":335,"_65":336,"_74":337},12,{"_34":426,"_65":527,"_74":528},"820 Forest Glen Blvd, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA","

The natural and parklike atmosphere of this boulevard and neighborhood was intentional. In fact, once one begins to look for it, the natural theme is repeated everywhere. The individual subdivisions that came to comprise the neighborhood included Parkwood, South Hills, and Sunset Park on one side of Westnedge and Crane Park Heights, Sunrise Heights, and Sunrise Terrace on the other. Street names repeated the theme from Forest Glen and Spring Hill to Parkwood and Overlook. The subdivisions here appealed to residents who wished to be far enough away from the city to avoid the congestion but close enough for streetcar—and later automobile—access.

Bronson Blvd, started as the neighborhood began to take shape in the 1910s, was a key landscape feature. Emerging from the corner of Maple and South Westnedge, Bronson Blvd defied the organizational grid of the city as it meandered toward Whites Road. It curved more like a river than a road, with stream-like tributaries on the west and east. Inkster, the only street to cross Bronson at a right angle, did so at a bridge. This further separated the natural and river-like boulevard from the city-like streets and avenues.

",42.269213158149526,-85.59316907639618,[443,444,445,446,447,448,449],"Westnedge Hill appealed to residents who wished to be far enough away from the city to avoid the congestion but close enough for streetcar—and later automobile—access.","The natural and parklike atmosphere of this boulevard and neighborhood was intentional. In fact, once one begins to look for it, the natural theme is repeated everywhere. The individual subdivisions that came to comprise the neighborhood included Parkwood, South Hills, and Sunset Park on one side of Westnedge and Crane Park Heights, Sunrise Heights, and Sunrise Terrace on the other. Street names repeated the theme from Forest Glen and Spring Hill to Parkwood and Overlook. The subdivisions here appealed to residents who wished to be far enough away from the city to avoid the congestion but close enough for streetcar—and later automobile—access. Bronson Blvd, started as the neighborhood began to take shape in the 1910s, was a key landscape feature. Emerging from the corner of Maple and South Westnedge, Bronson Blvd defied the organizational grid of the city as it meandered toward Whites Road. It curved more like a river than a road, with stream-like tributaries on the west and east. Inkster, the only street to cross Bronson at a right angle, did so at a bridge. This further separated the natural and river-like boulevard from the city-like streets and avenues.",[441,442,18],{"_74":438,"_134":439,"_136":440},[],"Bronson Blvd under construction","Bronson Blvd, c. 1910, Vanished Kalamazoo.","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/6apcx3zwwyt6p4xff00odqmu1l8x?variant=desktop","new-stop-1699028114508","bronson-blvd",{"_105":517,"_102":24,"_134":439,"_145":518,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":519,"_153":520,"_34":517,"_156":143,"_158":521,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":522,"_74":438,"_165":-5},{"_105":505,"_102":35,"_134":439,"_145":506,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":507,"_153":508,"_34":505,"_156":143,"_158":509,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":510,"_74":511,"_165":-5},{"_105":495,"_102":143,"_134":496,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":497,"_153":498,"_34":495,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":499,"_165":-5},{"_105":399,"_102":232,"_134":486,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":487,"_153":488,"_34":176,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":489,"_165":-5},{"_105":476,"_102":232,"_134":477,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":478,"_153":479,"_34":476,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":480,"_165":-5},{"_105":378,"_102":157,"_134":464,"_145":465,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":466,"_153":467,"_34":468,"_156":232,"_158":469,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":470,"_74":458,"_165":-5},{"_105":231,"_102":450,"_134":451,"_145":452,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":453,"_153":454,"_34":455,"_156":232,"_158":456,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":457,"_74":458,"_165":-5},6,"Platbook of Kalamazoo (Rockford, Ill.: Thrift Press, 1928), 59.",556,"Platbook of Kalamazoo, 1928, pg 59 (cropped).jpg",{"_166":459,"_168":460,"_170":461,"_172":462,"_174":463},79,222,296,"Platbook of Kalamazoo, 1928","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/h8f9kewz4ycxtbnusmhhungph1do","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/h8f9kewz4ycxtbnusmhhungph1do?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/h8f9kewz4ycxtbnusmhhungph1do?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/h8f9kewz4ycxtbnusmhhungph1do?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/h8f9kewz4ycxtbnusmhhungph1do?variant=lqip","Platbook of Kalamazoo (Rockford, Ill.: Thrift Press, 1928), 58.",544,"Platbook of Kalamazoo, 1928, 58 (cropped).jpg",{"_166":471,"_168":472,"_170":473,"_172":474,"_174":475},78,218,290,"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/dauknl09cxhml0s0mx1fowlqvyn7","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/dauknl09cxhml0s0mx1fowlqvyn7?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/dauknl09cxhml0s0mx1fowlqvyn7?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/dauknl09cxhml0s0mx1fowlqvyn7?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/dauknl09cxhml0s0mx1fowlqvyn7?variant=lqip",36,"Bronson Blvd, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","Bronson (5).jpg",{"_166":481,"_168":482,"_170":483,"_172":484,"_174":485},"Bronson Blvd, 2023","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/h5blyhunjhxyeehabpul8yoe1nus","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/h5blyhunjhxyeehabpul8yoe1nus?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/h5blyhunjhxyeehabpul8yoe1nus?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/h5blyhunjhxyeehabpul8yoe1nus?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/h5blyhunjhxyeehabpul8yoe1nus?variant=lqip","Midvale Terrace from Wildwood Place, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","Midvale (2).jpg",{"_166":490,"_168":491,"_170":492,"_172":493,"_174":494},"Midvale Terrace","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/cytbtqp2x8q36ukt9yc8fop2vubu","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/cytbtqp2x8q36ukt9yc8fop2vubu?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/cytbtqp2x8q36ukt9yc8fop2vubu?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/cytbtqp2x8q36ukt9yc8fop2vubu?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/cytbtqp2x8q36ukt9yc8fop2vubu?variant=lqip",37,"Midvale Terrace and Bronson Blvd, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","Bronson (6).jpg",{"_166":500,"_168":501,"_170":502,"_172":503,"_174":504},"Midvale Terrace and Bronson Blvd","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/lh82yuoh1w7g46wp1u0kxdkbwauq","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/lh82yuoh1w7g46wp1u0kxdkbwauq?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/lh82yuoh1w7g46wp1u0kxdkbwauq?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/lh82yuoh1w7g46wp1u0kxdkbwauq?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/lh82yuoh1w7g46wp1u0kxdkbwauq?variant=lqip",39,523,"Bronson Boulevard.jpeg",{"_166":512,"_168":513,"_170":514,"_172":515,"_174":516},209,279,"Bronson Blvd under construction showing bridge at Inkster Street.","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/sfawz59xvz75s17p4z3r2she7wd7","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/sfawz59xvz75s17p4z3r2she7wd7?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/sfawz59xvz75s17p4z3r2she7wd7?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/sfawz59xvz75s17p4z3r2she7wd7?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/sfawz59xvz75s17p4z3r2she7wd7?variant=lqip",38,491,"Bronson Blvd In the Beginning.jpeg",{"_166":523,"_168":524,"_170":525,"_172":440,"_174":526},197,262,"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/6apcx3zwwyt6p4xff00odqmu1l8x","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/6apcx3zwwyt6p4xff00odqmu1l8x?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/6apcx3zwwyt6p4xff00odqmu1l8x?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/6apcx3zwwyt6p4xff00odqmu1l8x?variant=lqip","architectural-mixing","Architectural Mixing ",{"_34":423,"_65":18,"_74":424},{"_34":597,"_65":598,"_74":599},"751 Montrose Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA","

Both 743 and 751 Montrose Ave are bungalow houses with Craftsman elements. Bungalow houses exhibit a narrow orientation to the road and massing at the front with either a heavy front gable or modern columns. Both houses were built in the 1910s when such house designs were popular and materials could be brought in by rail.

Across the street are later houses all built between 1920 and 1940: a massive Spanish Revival house built just before the Great Depression and two smaller houses—a Cape Cod Cottage and another English Revival—built in the 1930s. The gabled-ell brick house on Duke Street came later—about 1950.

The 1940 census offers a comparison of the residents in this part of the neighborhood. All five families owned their homes. Jennie Terborgh, a widow born in the Netherlands, lived in the bungalow at 741 Montrose. She cooked for a Works Progress Administration project and lived with her eighteen-year-old son, who finished cars, and a pilot who boarded with the Terboughs. On the corner, before extensive additions to the house, lived Garret VanderWoude, the owner of a retail electric company, his wife, and a daughter.

Across the street, the families of Horace (an optometrist) and Lorraine Prange lived in the English Revival house with three children. The five-person Fleck family, headed by a bookkeeper for a wholesale company, lived in the 1939 Cape Cod House.

Charles Chase, a salesman for a wholesale coal company, and Virginia Chase lived in the Spanish Revival House with one son and a live-in “maid.” The census enumerator estimated the house was twice as valuable ($15,000) as any of the other four on that end of Montrose.

",42.26407750522903,-85.59432467728081,[548,549,550,551,552],"Westnedge Hill’s houses, like the landscape itself, have tremendous variation in size and shape and ornamentation.","Both 743 and 751 Montrose Ave are bungalow houses with Craftsman elements. Bungalow houses exhibit a narrow orientation to the road and massing at the front with either a heavy front gable or modern columns. Both houses were built in the 1910s when such house designs were popular and materials could be brought in by rail. Across the street are later houses all built between 1920 and 1940: a massive Spanish Revival house built just before the Great Depression and two smaller houses—a Cape Cod Cottage and another English Revival—built in the 1930s. The gabled-ell brick house on Duke Street came later—about 1950. The 1940 census offers a comparison of the residents in this part of the neighborhood. All five families owned their homes. Jennie Terborgh, a widow born in the Netherlands, lived in the bungalow at 741 Montrose. She cooked for a Works Progress Administration project and lived with her eighteen-year-old son, who finished cars, and a pilot who boarded with the Terboughs. On the corner, before extensive additions to the house, lived Garret VanderWoude, the owner of a retail electric company, his wife, and a daughter. Across the street, the families of Horace (an optometrist) and Lorraine Prange lived in the English Revival house with three children. The five-person Fleck family, headed by a bookkeeper for a wholesale company, lived in the 1939 Cape Cod House. Charles Chase, a salesman for a wholesale coal company, and Virginia Chase lived in the Spanish Revival House with one son and a live-in “maid.” The census enumerator estimated the house was twice as valuable ($15,000) as any of the other four on that end of Montrose.",[544,545,546,547,527],{"_74":541,"_134":542,"_136":543},[],"Bungalow with Craftsman Elements","751 Montrose Avenue, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/3fu7y9yo32ah3fhg583d19l1pqjp?variant=desktop","new-stop-1699028458115","spanish-revival","bungalow-craftsman","bungalow",{"_105":590,"_102":24,"_134":542,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":591,"_153":592,"_34":590,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":541,"_165":-5},{"_105":581,"_102":35,"_134":582,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":583,"_153":584,"_34":581,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":541,"_165":-5},{"_105":571,"_102":143,"_134":572,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":573,"_153":574,"_34":571,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":575,"_165":-5},{"_105":563,"_102":232,"_134":554,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":564,"_153":565,"_34":563,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":557,"_165":-5},{"_105":553,"_102":157,"_134":554,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":555,"_153":556,"_34":553,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":557,"_165":-5},33,"760 Montrose Avenue, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","Spanish Revival (1).jpg",{"_166":558,"_168":559,"_170":560,"_172":561,"_174":562},"Spanish Revival","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/mxl8nciul79ujv7xbw29tor06h2r","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/mxl8nciul79ujv7xbw29tor06h2r?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/mxl8nciul79ujv7xbw29tor06h2r?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/mxl8nciul79ujv7xbw29tor06h2r?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/mxl8nciul79ujv7xbw29tor06h2r?variant=lqip",34,"Spanish Revival (2).jpg",{"_166":566,"_168":567,"_170":568,"_172":569,"_174":570},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/hxrrtglhf57t0dizu4n573vluvef","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/hxrrtglhf57t0dizu4n573vluvef?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/hxrrtglhf57t0dizu4n573vluvef?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/hxrrtglhf57t0dizu4n573vluvef?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/hxrrtglhf57t0dizu4n573vluvef?variant=lqip",32,"744 (left) and 740 Montrose Avenue, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","Cape Cod and Tudor.jpg",{"_166":576,"_168":577,"_170":578,"_172":579,"_174":580},"Cape Cod and English \"Tudor\" Revival","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5ye68geiwc6xt4muuw3qdh37yv2b","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5ye68geiwc6xt4muuw3qdh37yv2b?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5ye68geiwc6xt4muuw3qdh37yv2b?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5ye68geiwc6xt4muuw3qdh37yv2b?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5ye68geiwc6xt4muuw3qdh37yv2b?variant=lqip",31,"743 Montrose Avenue, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","Bungalow (2).jpg",{"_166":585,"_168":586,"_170":587,"_172":588,"_174":589},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/n010h4wdax4xdkw6u9voi2hbh2u4","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/n010h4wdax4xdkw6u9voi2hbh2u4?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/n010h4wdax4xdkw6u9voi2hbh2u4?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/n010h4wdax4xdkw6u9voi2hbh2u4?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/n010h4wdax4xdkw6u9voi2hbh2u4?variant=lqip",30,"Bungalow (1).jpg",{"_166":593,"_168":594,"_170":595,"_172":543,"_174":596},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/3fu7y9yo32ah3fhg583d19l1pqjp","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/3fu7y9yo32ah3fhg583d19l1pqjp?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/3fu7y9yo32ah3fhg583d19l1pqjp?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/3fu7y9yo32ah3fhg583d19l1pqjp?variant=lqip",8,"fairview-apartments","Fairview Apartments",{"_34":426,"_65":527,"_74":528},{"_34":632,"_65":633,"_74":634},"511 Fairview Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA","

The apartments on Fairview share an architect with some of the finest examples of mid-century modern architecture in Parkwyn Village, Memory Lane, and Twelve Oaks. Born in Kalamazoo in 1928, Norman Carver Jr. graduated from Yale University and pursued a career in photography and architecture. He began designing houses in Kalamazoo in the 1950s.

The initial plan for Fairview Ave, funded by Dorothy Upjohn Dalton, had four buildings surrounding a communal quad at the center. “They were very solidly built,” Carver recalled. “I think they had concrete floors because Irving [Gilmore] played his piano in there and he didn’t bother anybody!”

Modern architectural styles are having their own renaissance in historical imagination. Just as Queen Anne and Craftsman went out of—and back into—style, so too have mid-century houses from simple ranch houses to the high-style work of Norman F. Carver grown in recent popularity.

Another example of Norman Carver Jr. architecture in Westnedge Hill is located at 2244 Westchester Ln. and is visible in the cooler months from the Bronson Blvd site below.

Learn more about Norman J. Carver Jr. here.

",42.26301229152086,-85.5905780624878,[615,616],"The Fairview Apartments are an example of mid-century modern architecture designed by Kalamazoo’s own Norman Carver Jr.","The apartments on Fairview share an architect with some of the finest examples of mid-century modern architecture in Parkwyn Village, Memory Lane, and Twelve Oaks. Born in Kalamazoo in 1928, Norman Carver Jr. graduated from Yale University and pursued a career in photography and architecture. He began designing houses in Kalamazoo in the 1950s. The initial plan for Fairview Ave, funded by Dorothy Upjohn Dalton, had four buildings surrounding a communal quad at the center. “They were very solidly built,” Carver recalled. “I think they had concrete floors because Irving [Gilmore] played his piano in there and he didn’t bother anybody!” Modern architectural styles are having their own renaissance in historical imagination. Just as Queen Anne and Craftsman went out of—and back into—style, so too have mid-century houses from simple ranch houses to the high-style work of Norman F. Carver grown in recent popularity. Another example of Norman Carver Jr. architecture in Westnedge Hill is located at 2244 Westchester Ln. and is visible in the cooler months from the Bronson Blvd site below. Learn more about Norman J. Carver Jr. here.",[614,598],{"_74":599,"_134":612,"_136":613},[],"Fairview Apartments, 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/3l8dxd1na4s9xsjx42mavx3i4l9n?variant=desktop","new-stop-1699027889420",{"_105":625,"_102":260,"_134":612,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":626,"_153":627,"_34":625,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":599,"_165":-5},{"_105":617,"_102":24,"_134":612,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":618,"_153":619,"_34":617,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":599,"_165":-5},29,"Fairview Apartments (2).jpg",{"_166":620,"_168":621,"_170":622,"_172":623,"_174":624},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/cqp17skgatozrggk2pi23yqtdfle","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/cqp17skgatozrggk2pi23yqtdfle?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/cqp17skgatozrggk2pi23yqtdfle?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/cqp17skgatozrggk2pi23yqtdfle?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/cqp17skgatozrggk2pi23yqtdfle?variant=lqip",28,"Fairview Apartments.jpg",{"_166":628,"_168":629,"_170":630,"_172":613,"_174":631},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/3l8dxd1na4s9xsjx42mavx3i4l9n","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/3l8dxd1na4s9xsjx42mavx3i4l9n?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/3l8dxd1na4s9xsjx42mavx3i4l9n?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/3l8dxd1na4s9xsjx42mavx3i4l9n?variant=lqip",18,"american-foursquare","American Foursquare",{"_34":597,"_65":598,"_74":599},9,{"_34":636,"_65":683,"_74":684},"2514 S Westnedge Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA","

The American Foursquare was a common house type (plan + height) rather than a specific style (decoration). Unlike earlier two-story rectangular houses with four rooms on each floor, the American Foursquare usually did not have a large central hallway.

As a house type rather than a style, American Foursquare can carry many stylistic elements. In this case, the wooden shingles were added to cover the original wooden siding in the mid-twentieth century. The Victorian fish-scale siding on the front dormer, however, are original to the house.

At one time, this was the house of Roger Greeley, a minister of the People’s Church in Kalamazoo from 1958 to 1985. The People’s Church practiced a Unitarian theology, and this put it at odds with the conservative Protestantism common to southwest Michigan. “You have the right to determine for yourself whether you shall or shall not believe,” Greeley said, summarizing the church’s philosophy. “We don’t all dress alike, we don’t all look alike, why should we all think alike?”

More on the People’s Church here.",42.26551533958382,-85.58991823907013,[652,653,654],"Here is an American Foursquare house and a connection to the People’s Church.","The American Foursquare was a common house type (plan + height) rather than a specific style (decoration). Unlike earlier two-story rectangular houses with four rooms on each floor, the American Foursquare usually did not have a large central hallway. As a house type rather than a style, American Foursquare can carry many stylistic elements. In this case, the wooden shingles were added to cover the original wooden siding in the mid-twentieth century. The Victorian fish-scale siding on the front dormer, however, are original to the house. At one time, this was the house of Roger Greeley, a minister of the People’s Church in Kalamazoo from 1958 to 1985. The People’s Church practiced a Unitarian theology, and this put it at odds with the conservative Protestantism common to southwest Michigan. “You have the right to determine for yourself whether you shall or shall not believe,” Greeley said, summarizing the church’s philosophy. “We don’t all dress alike, we don’t all look alike, why should we all think alike?” More on the People’s Church here.",[651,633],{"_74":648,"_134":649,"_136":650},[],"Roger and Kay Greeley, 1966","Roger and Kay Greeley, preparing for a trip to London, 1966. Photograph in family collection.","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/y0ufhpt58gidm00py1d1fjtwxthc?variant=desktop","new-stop-1699660075120",{"_105":673,"_102":260,"_134":649,"_145":674,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":675,"_153":676,"_34":655,"_156":143,"_158":677,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":678,"_74":648,"_165":-5},{"_105":665,"_102":24,"_134":656,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":666,"_153":667,"_34":301,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":634,"_165":-5},{"_105":655,"_102":35,"_134":656,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":657,"_153":658,"_34":659,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":634,"_165":-5},58,"2514 South Westnedge Avenue, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","American Foursquare (4).jpg",{"_166":660,"_168":661,"_170":662,"_172":663,"_174":664},60,"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/txe2ecbu3qcs2dlos9v5bf6vi7dw","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/txe2ecbu3qcs2dlos9v5bf6vi7dw?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/txe2ecbu3qcs2dlos9v5bf6vi7dw?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/txe2ecbu3qcs2dlos9v5bf6vi7dw?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/txe2ecbu3qcs2dlos9v5bf6vi7dw?variant=lqip",57,"American Foursquare (3).jpg",{"_166":668,"_168":669,"_170":670,"_172":671,"_174":672},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/h5xc1aiza7rzpa4z7rmhzzd3xtra","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/h5xc1aiza7rzpa4z7rmhzzd3xtra?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/h5xc1aiza7rzpa4z7rmhzzd3xtra?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/h5xc1aiza7rzpa4z7rmhzzd3xtra?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/h5xc1aiza7rzpa4z7rmhzzd3xtra?variant=lqip",56,499,"Roger and Kay Greeley.jpg",{"_166":679,"_168":680,"_170":681,"_172":650,"_174":682},200,266,"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/y0ufhpt58gidm00py1d1fjtwxthc","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/y0ufhpt58gidm00py1d1fjtwxthc?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/y0ufhpt58gidm00py1d1fjtwxthc?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/y0ufhpt58gidm00py1d1fjtwxthc?variant=lqip","parkwood-upjohn-school","Parkwood-Upjohn School",{"_34":632,"_65":633,"_74":634},{"_34":764,"_65":765,"_74":766},"2405 S Park St, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA","

The Parkwood-Upjohn Elementary School—the building itself—reflects the development of the neighborhood and changing attitudes towards special needs and accessibility to education.

Kalamazoo voters approved funding for a new school in 1920. The Kalamazoo Board of Education hired Billingham and Cobb to design Parkwood School in Collegiate Gothic style—a common style for educational buildings in Kalamazoo and beyond.

Despite having room for enrollment growth, it took only a decade for Parkwood to surpass its 300-student capacity. An extension on the southside of the building nearly doubled the school’s space.

The Harold Upjohn School came a few years later. Funded privately by Grace Bray Upjohn and publicly by the Works Progress Administration, the new school served the needs of physically disabled children. In contrast to the Collegiate Gothic Style of the Parkwood school, the Upjohn School blended with the classically inspired colonial revival architecture common to the neighborhood.

Eventually the separate schools merged and became Parkwood-Upjohn Elementary School. The building traces a local disability history from (a) segregation by exclusion to (b) segregation by partition, to (c) integrated learning.

Learn more about the Parkwood-Upjohn School here.

",42.266918670396905,-85.58720920796509,[701,702,703,704,705,706],"The Parkwood-Upjohn School can be thought of as a timeline that traces local disability and education history from segregation to integration.","The Parkwood-Upjohn Elementary School—the building itself—reflects the development of the neighborhood and changing attitudes towards special needs and accessibility to education. Kalamazoo voters approved funding for a new school in 1920. The Kalamazoo Board of Education hired Billingham and Cobb to design Parkwood School in Collegiate Gothic style—a common style for educational buildings in Kalamazoo and beyond. Despite having room for enrollment growth, it took only a decade for Parkwood to surpass its 300-student capacity. An extension on the southside of the building nearly doubled the school’s space. The Harold Upjohn School came a few years later. Funded privately by Grace Bray Upjohn and publicly by the Works Progress Administration, the new school served the needs of physically disabled children. In contrast to the Collegiate Gothic Style of the Parkwood school, the Upjohn School blended with the classically inspired colonial revival architecture common to the neighborhood. Eventually the separate schools merged and became Parkwood-Upjohn Elementary School. The building traces a local disability history from (a) segregation by exclusion to (b) segregation by partition, to (c) integrated learning. Learn more about the Parkwood-Upjohn School here.",[700,683],{"_74":697,"_134":698,"_136":699},[],"Upjohn School, 1940","Upjohn School, ca. 1940, photograph by Mamie Austin, P-998, Kalamazoo Public Library.","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/99p8v8uswx5nj8asoyt0gb0z09af?variant=desktop","new-stop-1699027991125",{"_105":106,"_102":260,"_134":698,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":758,"_153":759,"_34":106,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":697,"_165":-5},{"_105":748,"_102":24,"_134":749,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":750,"_153":751,"_34":748,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":752,"_165":-5},{"_105":738,"_102":35,"_134":739,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":740,"_153":741,"_34":738,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":742,"_165":-5},{"_105":729,"_102":143,"_134":720,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":730,"_153":731,"_34":729,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":732,"_165":-5},{"_105":719,"_102":232,"_134":720,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":721,"_153":722,"_34":719,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":723,"_165":-5},{"_105":155,"_102":157,"_134":707,"_145":708,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":709,"_153":710,"_34":226,"_156":143,"_158":711,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":712,"_74":713,"_165":-5},"Platbook of Kalamazoo (Rockford, Ill.: Thrift Press, 1928), pg. 58, Kalamazoo Public Library.",460,"Crane Heights, Platbook of Kalamazoo, pg 58 (cropped).jpg",{"_166":714,"_168":715,"_170":716,"_172":717,"_174":718},184,245,"Parkwood School in Crane Heights, 1928","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/yqahixdbgc493dvde3ivvbbubuhj","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/yqahixdbgc493dvde3ivvbbubuhj?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/yqahixdbgc493dvde3ivvbbubuhj?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/yqahixdbgc493dvde3ivvbbubuhj?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/yqahixdbgc493dvde3ivvbbubuhj?variant=lqip",24,"Parkwood-Upjohn School, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","Parkwood-Upjohn (6).jpg",{"_166":724,"_168":725,"_170":726,"_172":727,"_174":728},"Upjohn school","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/u4l9o4k81lhjm6lfkim4pifhkn9e","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/u4l9o4k81lhjm6lfkim4pifhkn9e?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/u4l9o4k81lhjm6lfkim4pifhkn9e?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/u4l9o4k81lhjm6lfkim4pifhkn9e?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/u4l9o4k81lhjm6lfkim4pifhkn9e?variant=lqip",23,"Parkwood-UpJohn (2).jpg",{"_166":733,"_168":734,"_170":735,"_172":736,"_174":737},"The original Parkwood (1921) school and expansion (1931)","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/u98momnm40km73ultalgqhrs1hpf","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/u98momnm40km73ultalgqhrs1hpf?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/u98momnm40km73ultalgqhrs1hpf?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/u98momnm40km73ultalgqhrs1hpf?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/u98momnm40km73ultalgqhrs1hpf?variant=lqip",22,"Parkwood School, c. 1940, photograph by Mamie Austin, P-774, Kalamazoo Public Library","Parkwood School, 1940, photograph by Mamie Austin, P-774, KPL.png",{"_166":743,"_168":744,"_170":745,"_172":746,"_174":747},"Parkwood School, 1940","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5zydgl5sx96flei5rn44i5pzyq5o","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5zydgl5sx96flei5rn44i5pzyq5o?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5zydgl5sx96flei5rn44i5pzyq5o?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5zydgl5sx96flei5rn44i5pzyq5o?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5zydgl5sx96flei5rn44i5pzyq5o?variant=lqip",21,"Upjohn School, c. 1940, photograph by Mamie Austin, P-773, Kalamazoo Public Library","Upjohn School, c 1940, photograph by Mamie Austin, P-773, KPL..png",{"_166":753,"_168":754,"_170":755,"_172":756,"_174":757},"Students entering the Upjohn School, 1940","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/lj4y5jrua64t4fee9k15d1dpfag1","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/lj4y5jrua64t4fee9k15d1dpfag1?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/lj4y5jrua64t4fee9k15d1dpfag1?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/lj4y5jrua64t4fee9k15d1dpfag1?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/lj4y5jrua64t4fee9k15d1dpfag1?variant=lqip","Upjohn School, 1940, photograph by Mamie Austin, P-998, KPL.png",{"_166":760,"_168":761,"_170":762,"_172":699,"_174":763},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/99p8v8uswx5nj8asoyt0gb0z09af","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/99p8v8uswx5nj8asoyt0gb0z09af?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/99p8v8uswx5nj8asoyt0gb0z09af?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/99p8v8uswx5nj8asoyt0gb0z09af?variant=lqip",17,"tudor-architecture","Tudor Architecture",{"_34":636,"_65":683,"_74":684},7,{"_34":768,"_65":814,"_74":815},"2506 S Park St, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA","

One of the most common residential styles in Kalamazoo in the early twentieth century was the “Tudor” or English Revival style that drew (loosely) from Medieval houses.

Houses in Kalamazoo with elements of English Revival style vary in shape, size, and detailing. They can be frame, brick veneer, or exhibit decorative stucco with half-timbering. Common stylistic elements include a prominent front-facing gable, one or more arches, narrow windows in multiple groups, a massive chimney, and/or a prominent entryway. They have a steeply pitched roof that imitates the shape of medieval thatched roofs.

This house at 2506 S Park St., with its steeply pitched front-facing gables, arched entryway, and prominent chimney contains several elements of Tudor Revival.

During World War II, this was the home of William and Mildred Johnson and their two children, William Jr. and Debroah. They were a middle-class household on a street of similar families. William was a druggist with a high school education. Mildred had graduated from Western State Normal School where she participated in the Young Women’s Christian Association and the Dramatics Club. She may have been a teacher before marrying or having children. William Jr. and Deborah almost certainly attended the school one block away.

",42.26584285239831,-85.58735941166992,[793,794],"The house at 2506 S Park St. is one of many local examples of the influence of English Revival architecture.","One of the most common residential styles in Kalamazoo in the early twentieth century was the “Tudor” or English Revival style that drew (loosely) from Medieval houses. Houses in Kalamazoo with elements of English Revival style vary in shape, size, and detailing. They can be frame, brick veneer, or exhibit decorative stucco with half-timbering. Common stylistic elements include a prominent front-facing gable, one or more arches, narrow windows in multiple groups, a massive chimney, and/or a prominent entryway. They have a steeply pitched roof that imitates the shape of medieval thatched roofs. This house at 2506 S Park St., with its steeply pitched front-facing gables, arched entryway, and prominent chimney contains several elements of Tudor Revival. During World War II, this was the home of William and Mildred Johnson and their two children, William Jr. and Debroah. They were a middle-class household on a street of similar families. William was a druggist with a high school education. Mildred had graduated from Western State Normal School where she participated in the Young Women’s Christian Association and the Dramatics Club. She may have been a teacher before marrying or having children. William Jr. and Deborah almost certainly attended the school one block away.",[783,784,785,786,787,788,789,790,791,792,765],{"_74":780,"_134":781,"_136":782},[],"House with elements of English \"Tudor\" Revival architecture","2506 S Park Street, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/7rrcaj3m6mh34tq9vjzrxvgwe8xf?variant=desktop","new-stop-1699029395867","bungalow-house-with-craftsman-influences","bungalow-house-craftsman-i","bungalow-house-craftsman-influence","bungalow-house-craftsman-elements","bungalow-house-craftsman-elements-location-tbd","english-revival-or-“tudor”-houses","english-revival-or-“tudor”-architecture","“tudor”-architecture","“tudor-architecture",{"_105":632,"_102":260,"_134":781,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":808,"_153":809,"_34":632,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":780,"_165":-5},{"_105":795,"_102":24,"_134":796,"_145":797,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":798,"_153":799,"_34":795,"_156":232,"_158":800,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":801,"_74":802,"_165":-5},27,"Mildred Kane, Western State Normal School Yearbook, 1920.",374,"Mildred, WMNC, 1920.png",{"_166":803,"_168":804,"_170":805,"_172":806,"_174":807},243,324,"Mildred Kane, 1920","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/78ha2e6n51ojygqs56ar9tx7g9j5","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/78ha2e6n51ojygqs56ar9tx7g9j5?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/78ha2e6n51ojygqs56ar9tx7g9j5?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/78ha2e6n51ojygqs56ar9tx7g9j5?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/78ha2e6n51ojygqs56ar9tx7g9j5?variant=lqip","Tudor House (3).jpg",{"_166":810,"_168":811,"_170":812,"_172":782,"_174":813},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/7rrcaj3m6mh34tq9vjzrxvgwe8xf","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/7rrcaj3m6mh34tq9vjzrxvgwe8xf?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/7rrcaj3m6mh34tq9vjzrxvgwe8xf?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/7rrcaj3m6mh34tq9vjzrxvgwe8xf?variant=lqip","miller-house","Miller House",{"_34":764,"_65":765,"_74":766},{"_34":450,"_65":852,"_74":853},"2509 Outlook St, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA","

The house at 2431 Outlook is one of several varieties of Colonial—in this case, Dutch Colonial—Revival architecture. It exhibits a gambrel roof and reflects popular interest in the colonial era after the sesquicentennial of American independence.

A middle-class neighborhood in the 1930s, this street also reflected the regional and global movement of people. Fewer than half of the 50 residents on this block in 1930 were born in Michigan. Some were the children of immigrants. Sam Colef, a shoe salesman at 2425 Outlook, and his wife, Marie, both came from Illinois, but their parents had immigrated to the United States from Russia. They lived next door to the Miller family, another Jewish immigrant family.

The Colef and Miller families were local examples of the movement of 2.8 million European Jews in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth century. Sophie Getz spoke Yiddish and immigrated from Russia with her family when she was 13 years old. She made neckties in Chicago and later married Louis Miller, a Lithuanian immigrant. Neither of the two Millers were naturalized citizens when they moved to Westnedge Hill in the 1920s. The Millers worshipped at the Congregation of Moses and are buried at Riverside Jewish Cemetery.

",42.26590239999999,-85.58352921719666,[832,833],"Sophie and Louis Miller are neighborhood examples of the movement of 2.8 million European Jews to the United States in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth century.","The house at 2431 Outlook is one of several varieties of Colonial—in this case, Dutch Colonial—Revival architecture. It exhibits a gambrel roof and reflects popular interest in the colonial era after the sesquicentennial of American independence. A middle-class neighborhood in the 1930s, this street also reflected the regional and global movement of people. Fewer than half of the 50 residents on this block in 1930 were born in Michigan. Some were the children of immigrants. Sam Colef, a shoe salesman at 2425 Outlook, and his wife, Marie, both came from Illinois, but their parents had immigrated to the United States from Russia. They lived next door to the Miller family, another Jewish immigrant family. The Colef and Miller families were local examples of the movement of 2.8 million European Jews in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth century. Sophie Getz spoke Yiddish and immigrated from Russia with her family when she was 13 years old. She made neckties in Chicago and later married Louis Miller, a Lithuanian immigrant. Neither of the two Millers were naturalized citizens when they moved to Westnedge Hill in the 1920s. The Millers worshipped at the Congregation of Moses and are buried at Riverside Jewish Cemetery.",[831,814],{"_74":828,"_134":829,"_136":830},[],"Sophie and Louis Miller house","2431 Outlook St., November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/n048ioawz67b7okgmk5eq6qofxuw?variant=desktop","new-stop-1699027808994",{"_105":844,"_102":35,"_134":829,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":845,"_153":846,"_34":847,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":828,"_165":-5},{"_105":834,"_102":35,"_134":835,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":836,"_153":837,"_34":834,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":838,"_165":-5},50,"Sophia [Sophie] Gertz in the 1910 U.S. Census. The census enumerator wrote \"Yiddish\" next to Russia in the column for country of origin, mother's country of origin, and father's country of origin.","Sophie Gertz, 1910 U.S. Census, Chicago.png",{"_166":839,"_168":840,"_170":841,"_172":842,"_174":843},"Sophie Gertz in the 1910 U.S. Census ","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/clp1jyvvkcppf7o48dun67k8ijr4","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/clp1jyvvkcppf7o48dun67k8ijr4?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/clp1jyvvkcppf7o48dun67k8ijr4?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/clp1jyvvkcppf7o48dun67k8ijr4?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/clp1jyvvkcppf7o48dun67k8ijr4?variant=lqip",53,"Miller House (6).jpg",{"_166":848,"_168":849,"_170":850,"_172":830,"_174":851},55,"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/n048ioawz67b7okgmk5eq6qofxuw","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/n048ioawz67b7okgmk5eq6qofxuw?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/n048ioawz67b7okgmk5eq6qofxuw?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/n048ioawz67b7okgmk5eq6qofxuw?variant=lqip","the-battles-and-pauline-byrd-johnson","The Battles and Pauline Byrd Johnson",{"_34":768,"_65":814,"_74":815},{"_34":232,"_65":930,"_74":931},"128 Millview Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA","

This two-story cross-gable house reflects the economic diversity of Westnedge Hill, especially on the eastern and southern sections. Burdick Street, at the base of this hill, developed before the top and had existing connections to local factories, paper mills, and other local industries.

Neighborhood segregation in Kalamazoo did not follow a linear path. While most African Americans in Kalamazoo lived in Northside or Edison by the mid-twentieth century, there were pockets of African American residents across the city. This included a few African American households in the Westnedge Hill areas such as Peeler Street and Millview Ave.

Edith Battles owned this house at 128 Millview Ave. It was here that her daughter, Pauline Byrd (later Johnson), graduated high school. Pauline Byrd later became the first Black graduate of Kalamazoo College in 1928 and the first Black educator in Kalamazoo Public Schools. She also became a prominent conservative critical of forced integration.

In 1930, Edith Battles still lived on Millview Ave. She worked as a hairdresser and her husband, Reuben, was a carpenter. Born in Michigan in 1863, Reuben was the son of a Black soldier Black soldier in the 1st Michigan Colored Infantry (later redesignated as the 102 United States Colored Infantry).

Learn more about Pauline Byrd Johnson here.

",42.26807519165612,-85.58261043083571,[881,882,883,884,885],"Pauline Byrd Johnson, the first Black graduate of Kalamazoo College and the first Black educator in Kalamazoo Public Schools, graduated high school while living here.","This two-story cross-gable house reflects the economic diversity of Westnedge Hill, especially on the eastern and southern sections. Burdick Street, at the base of this hill, developed before the top and had existing connections to local factories, paper mills, and other local industries. Neighborhood segregation in Kalamazoo did not follow a linear path. While most African Americans in Kalamazoo lived in Northside or Edison by the mid-twentieth century, there were pockets of African American residents across the city. This included a few African American households in the Westnedge Hill areas such as Peeler Street and Millview Ave. Edith Battles owned this house at 128 Millview Ave. It was here that her daughter, Pauline Byrd (later Johnson), graduated high school. Pauline Byrd later became the first Black graduate of Kalamazoo College in 1928 and the first Black educator in Kalamazoo Public Schools. She also became a prominent conservative critical of forced integration. In 1930, Edith Battles still lived on Millview Ave. She worked as a hairdresser and her husband, Reuben, was a carpenter. Born in Michigan in 1863, Reuben was the son of a Black soldier Black soldier in the 1st Michigan Colored Infantry (later redesignated as the 102 United States Colored Infantry).Learn more about Pauline Byrd Johnson here.",[869,870,871,872,873,874,875,876,877,878,879,880,852],{"_74":866,"_134":867,"_136":868},[],"Edith Battles's house","128 Millview Ave, November 2023, photography by Evan Kutzler.","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/mfbbm9ak8hbuo4myko5vjusqe1xw?variant=desktop","new-stop-1699027723130","edith-battle-and-pauline-johnson-house","battle-and-pauline-johnson-house","battle-johnson-house","battle-johnson","edith-battles-s-house","edith-battles-and-house","edith-battles-house","edith-battles-s-house-and-pauline-byrd-johnson","edith-battles-and-pauline-byrd-johnson","edith-and-rbattles-and-pauline-byrd-johnson","edith-and-reuben-battles-and-pauline-byrd-johnson",{"_105":267,"_102":24,"_134":867,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":924,"_153":925,"_34":267,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":866,"_165":-5},{"_105":202,"_102":35,"_134":912,"_145":913,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":914,"_153":915,"_34":202,"_156":232,"_158":916,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":917,"_74":918,"_165":-5},{"_105":335,"_102":143,"_134":867,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":905,"_153":906,"_34":335,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":866,"_165":-5},{"_105":193,"_102":143,"_134":227,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":897,"_153":898,"_34":886,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":899,"_165":-5},{"_105":886,"_102":232,"_134":887,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":888,"_153":889,"_34":890,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":891,"_165":-5},73,"Inkster Park Addition, Platbook of Kalamazoo (Rockford, Ill.: Thrift Press, 1928), pg. 58.","Inkster Park, Platbook of Kalamazoo, 58 (cropped).jpg",{"_166":892,"_168":893,"_170":894,"_172":895,"_174":896},77,"Inkster Park Addition, 1928","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oins6pua309oyni58q8berguktqh","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oins6pua309oyni58q8berguktqh?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oins6pua309oyni58q8berguktqh?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oins6pua309oyni58q8berguktqh?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oins6pua309oyni58q8berguktqh?variant=lqip","128 Millview, SFIM, 1932, pg 226 (cropped).jpg",{"_166":900,"_168":901,"_170":902,"_172":903,"_174":904},"Millview Avenue, 1932","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/25gmzwabw0226enzzw1mq63sv9hx","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/25gmzwabw0226enzzw1mq63sv9hx?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/25gmzwabw0226enzzw1mq63sv9hx?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/25gmzwabw0226enzzw1mq63sv9hx?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/25gmzwabw0226enzzw1mq63sv9hx?variant=lqip","Battles House (1).jpg",{"_166":907,"_168":908,"_170":909,"_172":910,"_174":911},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/9ie0rh6e3thop5e6kf8cjdu95tb5","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/9ie0rh6e3thop5e6kf8cjdu95tb5?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/9ie0rh6e3thop5e6kf8cjdu95tb5?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/9ie0rh6e3thop5e6kf8cjdu95tb5?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/9ie0rh6e3thop5e6kf8cjdu95tb5?variant=lqip","Kalamazoo College Yearbook, 1926.",572,"Pauline Byrd Johnson, Kalamazoo College Yearbook, 1926.png",{"_166":919,"_168":920,"_170":921,"_172":922,"_174":923},229,305,"Pauline Byrd Johnson, 1926","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/g12yijsj23ohsxhsw2kcyugaw896","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/g12yijsj23ohsxhsw2kcyugaw896?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/g12yijsj23ohsxhsw2kcyugaw896?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/g12yijsj23ohsxhsw2kcyugaw896?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/g12yijsj23ohsxhsw2kcyugaw896?variant=lqip","Battles House (2).jpg",{"_166":926,"_168":927,"_170":928,"_172":868,"_174":929},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/mfbbm9ak8hbuo4myko5vjusqe1xw","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/mfbbm9ak8hbuo4myko5vjusqe1xw?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/mfbbm9ak8hbuo4myko5vjusqe1xw?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/mfbbm9ak8hbuo4myko5vjusqe1xw?variant=lqip","the-electric-home","The Electric Home",{"_34":450,"_65":852,"_74":853},{"_34":143,"_65":987,"_74":988},"224 Parkwood Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA","

For thousands of residents, this house advertised how electricity might transform daily life. Local architect and builder Paul Ligtvoet promoted the house as “fire-safe an insulated.” Kalamazoo Electric League selected the house in April 1927 as the city’s “electric home” for an eight-day demonstration.

“Every housewife wants to make her home more attractive, more convenient, less laborsome than it is now,” the Kalamazoo Electric League stated. “Electrical science and modern building practice have solved her problem.”

For seven afternoons, residents toured the electric home. The basement contained a washing machine, drier, iron, and water softener—all powered by electricity. Portable lights, as well as lights mounted on the wall and ceiling, illuminated the living room. An electric kettle warmed water, a chafing dish kept food warm. The kitchen had an eclectic stove as well as a dishwasher and dryer. A radiant heater warmed the bathroom. Floodlights lit up the house in the evenings. The Kalamazoo Gazette estimated that 10,000 people walked through the house by end of that week in June.

Later that decade, the Kalamazoo Electric League began offering prizes for the best outdoor Christmas lights.

",42.26865099521839,-85.58596587431335,[949,950,951,952],"In 1927, more than 10,000 people toured Kalamazoo's \"electric home.\"","For thousands of residents, this house advertised how electricity might transform daily life. Local architect and builder Paul Ligtvoet promoted the house as “fire-safe an insulated.” Kalamazoo Electric League selected the house in April 1927 as the city’s “electric home” for an eight-day demonstration. “Every housewife wants to make her home more attractive, more convenient, less laborsome than it is now,” the Kalamazoo Electric League stated. “Electrical science and modern building practice have solved her problem.” For seven afternoons, residents toured the electric home. The basement contained a washing machine, drier, iron, and water softener—all powered by electricity. Portable lights, as well as lights mounted on the wall and ceiling, illuminated the living room. An electric kettle warmed water, a chafing dish kept food warm. The kitchen had an eclectic stove as well as a dishwasher and dryer. A radiant heater warmed the bathroom. Floodlights lit up the house in the evenings. The Kalamazoo Gazette estimated that 10,000 people walked through the house by end of that week in June. Later that decade, the Kalamazoo Electric League began offering prizes for the best outdoor Christmas lights.",[947,948,930],{"_74":944,"_134":945,"_136":946},[],"Electric Home, 1927","Kalamazoo's Electric Home, Kalamazoo Gazette, June 25, 1927.","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/v9wjhadgoqa2qihy53l0xyv3v7kr?variant=desktop","new-stop-1699027687446","the-electric-house",{"_105":423,"_102":24,"_134":945,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":981,"_153":982,"_34":423,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":944,"_165":-5},{"_105":198,"_102":35,"_134":953,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":974,"_153":975,"_34":198,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":956,"_165":-5},{"_105":426,"_102":143,"_134":962,"_145":963,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":964,"_153":965,"_34":426,"_156":143,"_158":966,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":967,"_74":968,"_165":-5},{"_105":636,"_102":232,"_134":953,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":954,"_153":955,"_34":636,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":956,"_165":-5},"224 Parkwood Avenue, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","Electric Home (2).jpg",{"_166":957,"_168":958,"_170":959,"_172":960,"_174":961},"Electric Home","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/agxnuu4d60cgmv2gtr8wndstfg2t","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/agxnuu4d60cgmv2gtr8wndstfg2t?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/agxnuu4d60cgmv2gtr8wndstfg2t?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/agxnuu4d60cgmv2gtr8wndstfg2t?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/agxnuu4d60cgmv2gtr8wndstfg2t?variant=lqip","Today Is Your Last Chance to Visit the Electric Home, Kalamazoo Gazette, June 25, 1927.",462,"Electric House, KG, 1927 06 25 (b).png",{"_166":969,"_168":970,"_170":971,"_172":972,"_174":973},186,248,"Electric House advertisement, 1927","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/gxmpnbwg17pnl27jh0jl0vfcfl8t","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/gxmpnbwg17pnl27jh0jl0vfcfl8t?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/gxmpnbwg17pnl27jh0jl0vfcfl8t?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/gxmpnbwg17pnl27jh0jl0vfcfl8t?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/gxmpnbwg17pnl27jh0jl0vfcfl8t?variant=lqip","Electric Home (1).jpg",{"_166":976,"_168":977,"_170":978,"_172":979,"_174":980},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5dv2jkxvjqcc19316f0njhagwtg2","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5dv2jkxvjqcc19316f0njhagwtg2?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5dv2jkxvjqcc19316f0njhagwtg2?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5dv2jkxvjqcc19316f0njhagwtg2?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5dv2jkxvjqcc19316f0njhagwtg2?variant=lqip","Electric House, KG, 1927 06 25 (a).png",{"_166":983,"_168":984,"_170":985,"_172":946,"_174":986},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/v9wjhadgoqa2qihy53l0xyv3v7kr","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/v9wjhadgoqa2qihy53l0xyv3v7kr?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/v9wjhadgoqa2qihy53l0xyv3v7kr?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/v9wjhadgoqa2qihy53l0xyv3v7kr?variant=lqip","everyman’s-house","Everyman’s House",{"_34":232,"_65":930,"_74":931},{"_34":35,"_65":1026,"_74":1027},"2102 S Westnedge Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA","

Had Caroline Bartlett Crane designed the “home built around a mother” two generations later, she might have called it the “Everywoman’s House,” the “Everybody’s House,” or perhaps the “Every Mother’s House. Designed as a practical house for an American nuclear family with two or three children in 1924, the Everyman’s House won first place in the Better Homes in America contest overseen by Herbert Hoover and the U.S. Commerce Department. Tens of thousands of people toured the home. The house, without the lot, cost $7,249.51 to build and included optional add-ons, including a basement, oak floors, and electric fixtures.

Perhaps the most unique feature of the house was the placement of a “mother’s room” instead of the traditional dining room. The house reflected a shift from large and often impractical rooms of the nineteenth century to smaller and more efficient rooms of the mid-twentieth century.

Crane, unrelated to the family for whom Crane Park is named, published Everyman’s House as an elaboration on her design.

Learn more about Caroline Bartlett Crane and the Everyman's House here.

",42.27050877113209,-85.58980679762267,[1005,1006],"Designed by Caroline Bartlett Crane, the Everyman's House took first place in the 1924 Better Homes in America contest.","Had Caroline Bartlett Crane designed the “home built around a mother” two generations later, she might have called it the “Everywoman’s House,” the “Everybody’s House,” or perhaps the “Every Mother’s House. Designed as a practical house for an American nuclear family with two or three children in 1924, the Everyman’s House won first place in the Better Homes in America contest overseen by Herbert Hoover and the U. S. Commerce Department. Tens of thousands of people toured the home. The house, without the lot, cost $7,249.51 to build and included optional add-ons, including a basement, oak floors, and electric fixtures. Perhaps the most unique feature of the house was the placement of a “mother’s room” instead of the traditional dining room. The house reflected a shift from large and often impractical rooms of the nineteenth century to smaller and more efficient rooms of the mid-twentieth century. Crane, unrelated to the family for whom Crane Park is named, published Everyman’s House as an elaboration on her design. Learn more about Caroline Bartlett Crane and the Everyman's House here.",[1004,987],{"_74":1001,"_134":1002,"_136":1003},[],"Everyman's House","Everyman's House, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oycw24q62vavjorh8dn9e4x57qxt?variant=desktop","new-stop-1699027439837",{"_105":597,"_102":24,"_134":1002,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":1020,"_153":1021,"_34":597,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":1001,"_165":-5},{"_105":1007,"_102":35,"_134":1008,"_145":1009,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":1010,"_153":1011,"_34":1007,"_156":232,"_158":1012,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":1013,"_74":1014,"_165":-5},49,"Caroline Bartlett Crane, \"Is God Responsible? A Sermon,\" (Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1897).",577,"Crane, Is God Responsible (1897).jpeg",{"_166":1015,"_168":1016,"_170":1017,"_172":1018,"_174":1019},233,311,"Caroline Bartlett Crane","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/xmvbxlevwxgfnwsokzpdx32et0bj","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/xmvbxlevwxgfnwsokzpdx32et0bj?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/xmvbxlevwxgfnwsokzpdx32et0bj?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/xmvbxlevwxgfnwsokzpdx32et0bj?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/xmvbxlevwxgfnwsokzpdx32et0bj?variant=lqip","Everyman's House (1).jpg",{"_166":1022,"_168":1023,"_170":1024,"_172":1003,"_174":1025},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oycw24q62vavjorh8dn9e4x57qxt","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oycw24q62vavjorh8dn9e4x57qxt?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oycw24q62vavjorh8dn9e4x57qxt?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oycw24q62vavjorh8dn9e4x57qxt?variant=lqip","westnedge-hill-apartments","Westnedge Hill Apartments",{"_34":143,"_65":987,"_74":988},{"_34":24,"_65":1061,"_74":1062},"2026 S Westnedge Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA","

Affordable housing has long been a challenge in Kalamazoo and beyond. Yet each generation’s housing shortage has its own unique story. The Westnedge Hill Apartments represented one solution to the housing shortage faced by veterans returning from World War II. Elsewhere postwar housing ranged from plain, efficient small houses to sprawling neighborhoods of ranch houses. In 1948, on the north slope of Westnedge Hill, the first modern apartment complex came to Kalamazoo. The Kalamazoo Gazette announcement ran next to a story about a local single-family house erected in only eight hours.

Designed by architect William Stone, these apartments featured one- and two-bedroom units from 750 to 900 square feet with a minimum of two exterior walls.

These apartments also represented a new federal power—the Federal Housing Administration—that emerged during the Great Depression. The FHA insured the mortgage and froze rent rates on the 72 apartments for the duration of the loan.

",42.27062403312903,-85.58981752645873,[1044,1045],"The Westnedge Hill apartments exemplify one solution to affordable housing in the aftermath of World War II.","Affordable housing has long been a challenge in Kalamazoo and beyond. Yet each generation’s housing shortage has its own unique story. The Westnedge Hill Apartments represented one solution to the housing shortage faced by veterans returning from World War II. Elsewhere postwar housing ranged from plain, efficient small houses to sprawling neighborhoods of ranch houses. In 1948, on the north slope of Westnedge Hill, the first modern apartment complex came to Kalamazoo. The Kalamazoo Gazette announcement ran next to a story about a local single-family house erected in only eight hours. Designed by architect William Stone, these apartments featured one- and two-bedroom units from 750 to 900 square feet with a minimum of two exterior walls. These apartments also represented a new federal power—the Federal Housing Administration—that emerged during the Great Depression. The FHA insured the mortgage and froze rent rates on the 72 apartments for the duration of the loan.",[1043,1026],{"_74":1040,"_134":1041,"_136":1042},[],"Westnedge Hill Apartments advertisement, 1950.","Advertisement for the Westnedge Hill Apartments, Kalamazoo Gazette, July 6, 1950.","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/ystestrqreakapgd58g6wcr9w7kp?variant=desktop","new-stop-1699027371222",{"_105":157,"_102":260,"_134":1041,"_145":1054,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":1055,"_153":1056,"_34":157,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":1040,"_165":-5},{"_105":768,"_102":35,"_134":1046,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":1047,"_153":1048,"_34":768,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":1027,"_165":-5},"Westnedge Hill Apartments, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","Westnedge Hill Apartments (2).jpg",{"_166":1049,"_168":1050,"_170":1051,"_172":1052,"_174":1053},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/4no7werqypyoqndxifcofu95qpkt","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/4no7werqypyoqndxifcofu95qpkt?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/4no7werqypyoqndxifcofu95qpkt?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/4no7werqypyoqndxifcofu95qpkt?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/4no7werqypyoqndxifcofu95qpkt?variant=lqip",452,"Westnedge Hill Apartments, KG, 1950 07 06.png",{"_166":1057,"_168":1058,"_170":1059,"_172":1042,"_174":1060},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/ystestrqreakapgd58g6wcr9w7kp","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/ystestrqreakapgd58g6wcr9w7kp?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/ystestrqreakapgd58g6wcr9w7kp?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/ystestrqreakapgd58g6wcr9w7kp?variant=lqip","crane-park","Crane Park",{"_34":35,"_65":1026,"_74":1027},"

The city first took an interest in the hill as a source for gravel in the late-nineteenth century. A generation later, the city’s footprint expanded on the hill and the land became a park.

The overlook went by different names. Locals referred to the area as “Winslow’s Woods” and, later, \"Parkwood.\" In 1920, a U.S. Census enumerator referred to the place as “Piccadilly Heights.”

During the Great Depression, the Works Progress Administration put people to work building a brick road, tennis courts, and landscape improvements. In 1939, Sicilian gardener and Kalamazoo city employee Frank Manzullo turned the park into a demonstration plot for native plants that residents might grow in their own yards. He also created a “Victory Garden” of fruits and vegetables for the Kalamazoo Children’s Home. In 1942, the Michigan Horticulture Society honored Crane Park as the state’s best example of landscape gardening.

While Crane Park has changed since the 1940s, it has retained its historic connection to landscape gardening. Volunteers maintain the park’s garden today.

Learn more about Crane Park here.

\n\n

",42.26995144439201,-85.5884066845169,[1077,1078,1079],"Crane Park on Westnedge Hill is one of Kalamazoo's historic landscapes.","The city first took an interest in the hill as a source for gravel in the late-nineteenth century. A generation later, the city’s footprint expanded on the hill and the land became a park. The overlook went by different names. Locals referred to the area as “Winslow’s Woods” and, later, \"Parkwood.\" In 1920, a U. S. Census enumerator referred to the place as “Piccadilly Heights.” During the Great Depression, the Works Progress Administration put people to work building a brick road, tennis courts, and landscape improvements. In 1939, Sicilian gardener and Kalamazoo city employee Frank Manzullo turned the park into a demonstration plot for native plants that residents might grow in their own yards. He also created a “Victory Garden” of fruits and vegetables for the Kalamazoo Children’s Home. In 1942, the Michigan Horticulture Society honored Crane Park as the state’s best example of landscape gardening. While Crane Park has changed since the 1940s, it has retained its historic connection to landscape gardening. Volunteers maintain the park’s garden today. Learn more about Crane Park here.\n\n\n\n",[1076,1061],{"_74":1073,"_134":1074,"_136":1075},[],"Crane Park, 1941","Crane Park, 1941, photograph by Mamie Austin, P-763, Kalamazoo Public Library.","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/tyo6je992ya2kqo1nhf0dbhvpakc?variant=desktop","new-stop-1699026915366",{"_105":35,"_102":24,"_134":1074,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":1097,"_153":1098,"_34":35,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":1073,"_165":-5},{"_105":232,"_102":35,"_134":1089,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":1090,"_153":1091,"_34":232,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":1062,"_165":-5},{"_105":1080,"_102":35,"_134":1081,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":1082,"_153":1083,"_34":1080,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":1062,"_165":-5},51,"Crane Park, September 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","Crane Park (2).jpg",{"_166":1084,"_168":1085,"_170":1086,"_172":1087,"_174":1088},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/c8xh4eif97tdf8u48t63vav6nffg","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/c8xh4eif97tdf8u48t63vav6nffg?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/c8xh4eif97tdf8u48t63vav6nffg?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/c8xh4eif97tdf8u48t63vav6nffg?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/c8xh4eif97tdf8u48t63vav6nffg?variant=lqip","Crane Park, 1941, photograph by Mamie Austin, P-767, Kalamazoo Public Library.","Crane Park, 1941, KPL (1).jpg",{"_166":1092,"_168":1093,"_170":1094,"_172":1095,"_174":1096},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/a6ga9pqzfutqd5cka4tczhl45nir","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/a6ga9pqzfutqd5cka4tczhl45nir?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/a6ga9pqzfutqd5cka4tczhl45nir?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/a6ga9pqzfutqd5cka4tczhl45nir?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/a6ga9pqzfutqd5cka4tczhl45nir?variant=lqip","Crane Park, 1941, KPL (2).jpg",{"_166":1099,"_168":1100,"_170":1101,"_172":1075,"_174":1102},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/tyo6je992ya2kqo1nhf0dbhvpakc","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/tyo6je992ya2kqo1nhf0dbhvpakc?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/tyo6je992ya2kqo1nhf0dbhvpakc?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/tyo6je992ya2kqo1nhf0dbhvpakc?variant=lqip","new-tour-1699026529827","westnedge-hill","westnedge-hill-architecture-and-history","westnedge-hill-history","westnedge-hill-history-tour","nwestnedge-hill-history","now-and-then-westnedge-hill-history","now-and-then-westnedge-hill","now-and-then-in-westnedge-hill","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/mes29sn6dlya5lc38urn4ivgv3e1?variant=desktop",{"_105":157,"_34":24,"_74":1120},{"_105":450,"_34":35,"_74":1119},{"_105":768,"_34":143,"_74":1118},{"_105":597,"_34":232,"_74":1117},"WALKING","TRANSIT","DRIVING","BICYCLING",{"_105":232,"_102":24,"_134":135,"_145":163,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":191,"_153":1133,"_34":373,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":133,"_165":-5},{"_105":24,"_102":35,"_134":1123,"_145":178,"_147":-5,"_149":-5,"_151":1124,"_153":1125,"_34":1126,"_156":157,"_158":159,"_160":-5,"_161":-5,"_162":163,"_74":1127,"_165":-5},"Crane Park, November 2023, photograph by Evan Kutzler.","Crane Park (1).jpg",{"_166":1128,"_168":1129,"_170":1130,"_172":1131,"_174":1132},52,"View from Crane Park","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/rjkpz4t8gw0kllqbnjeer3y53rlk","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/rjkpz4t8gw0kllqbnjeer3y53rlk?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/rjkpz4t8gw0kllqbnjeer3y53rlk?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/rjkpz4t8gw0kllqbnjeer3y53rlk?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/rjkpz4t8gw0kllqbnjeer3y53rlk?variant=lqip",{"_166":1134,"_168":1135,"_170":1136,"_172":1112,"_174":1137},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/mes29sn6dlya5lc38urn4ivgv3e1","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/mes29sn6dlya5lc38urn4ivgv3e1?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/mes29sn6dlya5lc38urn4ivgv3e1?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/mes29sn6dlya5lc38urn4ivgv3e1?variant=lqip","south",42.26206082381984,"north",42.27157550083005,"east",-85.58114615003008,"west",-85.59578895808644,"centerLat",42.266818162324945,"centerLng",-85.58846755405827,"external_url","footer_logo","name","WMU Humanities","logo_url","notes","subdir","tourSet",{"_34":1165,"_80":1166,"_1167":1168,"_1169":1170},"request",{"_1161":1162,"_1163":1164},"protocol","http","host","wmu-humanities.opentour.site","52","tour_sets","attributes",{"_1152":1153,"_1156":10,"_1175":1176,"_1177":1178,"_1154":-5,"_1179":1180},"relationships",{"_1171":1172},"admins",{"_1173":1174},"data",[],"published_tours",[1225,1226,1227,1228,1229,1230],"mapable_tours",[1192,1193,1194,1195,1196,1197],"logo",{"_1152":1179,"_1181":1182},"record",{"_34":1126,"_1152":1153,"_1183":1184,"_1185":1186,"_1156":10,"_1187":-5,"_1150":-5,"_1155":-5,"_1151":-5,"_1188":1189,"_1190":1191,"_30":-5},"created_at","2023-11-03T14:23:16.536Z","updated_at","2023-11-10T19:02:44.960Z","tour_id","base_sixty_four","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","logo_title","WMU Brand Mark .jpg",{"_74":1220,"_65":1221,"_1200":1222},{"_74":75,"_65":16,"_1200":1219},{"_74":1214,"_65":1215,"_1200":1216},{"_74":1209,"_65":1210,"_1200":1211},{"_74":1204,"_65":1205,"_1200":1206},{"_74":1198,"_65":1199,"_1200":1201},"Douglass Community Center","douglass-community-center","center",{"_115":1202,"_117":1203},42.303898982202774,-85.59769600776673,"Muskegon River Logging","muskegon-river-logging",{"_115":1207,"_117":1208},42.806870833594516,-86.54850866157835,"Mega Semiquincentennial Tour","mega-semiquincentennial-tour",{"_115":1212,"_117":1213},42.207135349999994,-85.59825425,"Downtown Kalamazoo Public Art Walking Tour","downtown-kalamazoo-public-art-walking-tour",{"_115":1217,"_117":1218},42.290309199999996,-85.58406585,{"_115":1147,"_117":1149},"Mountain Home Cemetery ","mountain-home-cemetery",{"_115":1223,"_117":1224},42.294051271782294,-85.60298998448505,{"_74":1220,"_65":1221,"_1231":1237},{"_74":75,"_65":16,"_1231":1236},{"_74":1214,"_65":1215,"_1231":1235},{"_74":1209,"_65":1210,"_1231":1234},{"_74":1204,"_65":1205,"_1231":1233},{"_74":1198,"_65":1199,"_1231":1232},"location",{"_115":1202,"_117":1203},{"_115":1207,"_117":1208},{"_115":1212,"_117":1213},{"_115":1217,"_117":1218},{"_115":1147,"_117":1149},{"_115":1223,"_117":1224}]