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A look at the process of river logging along the Muskegon River in 1870s America. Particularly focused on the idea of how a planks of wood got to where they were.

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Chicago after the Great fire wasn't built in a day, after it's destruction the immediate response by many was to rebuild what they know, requiring lots of wood. Much of this came from Michigan and helped to fuel the rebuilding of the city. Chicago did not instantly become a city of steel and skyscrapers, people needed homes, Michigan lumber helped to provide just that in the aftermath of the tragedy.

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The Great Lakes were a massive boon in the transport of planks of wood, allowing for mass transit of material with lower cost.

",43.13755415311896,-86.61300086464843,[174],"The Great Lakes were a massive boon in the transport of planks of wood, allowing for mass transit of material with lower cost. ",[172,173,156],{"_73":170,"_126":-5,"_127":171},[],"freighter.jpg","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/x8mbwp2mf9vwkjjz5fd8qoe30t9s?variant=desktop","new-stop-1712696146819","the-f",{"_98":175,"_95":132,"_126":-5,"_133":-5,"_134":-5,"_135":-5,"_136":170,"_137":176,"_35":177,"_140":-5,"_141":-5,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":-5,"_73":170,"_145":-5},88,{"_146":178,"_148":179,"_150":180,"_152":171,"_153":181},94,"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/x8mbwp2mf9vwkjjz5fd8qoe30t9s","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/x8mbwp2mf9vwkjjz5fd8qoe30t9s?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/x8mbwp2mf9vwkjjz5fd8qoe30t9s?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/x8mbwp2mf9vwkjjz5fd8qoe30t9s?variant=lqip",38,"the-mill","The Mill",{"_35":155,"_64":156,"_73":157},{"_35":207,"_64":208,"_73":209},"147 Ruddiman Dr, North Muskegon, MI 49445, USA","

Once at a mill the logs would be cut up into preset lengths and then organized as such. After they were cut up, they were to be shipped off. Mills were mainly based on the waterfront, allowing for ease of getting the logs out of the water and then later on transport of the wood planks towards boats. Muskegon in particular had a special conditions which allowed it to flourish. These being a natural protective harbor, and a long stretching river from which to transport logs using.

",43.24445804841339,-86.30171673627929,[199],"Once at a mill the logs would be cut up into preset lengths and then organized as such. After they were cut up, they were to be shipped off. Mills were mainly based on the waterfront, allowing for ease of getting the logs out of the water and then later on transport of the wood planks towards boats. Muskegon in particular had a special conditions which allowed it to flourish. These being a natural protective harbor, and a long stretching river from which to transport logs using.",[198,183],{"_73":196,"_126":-5,"_127":197},[],"bear lake mill.png","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/vz8usifdzgfrbqi9qi3aodypgfz0?variant=desktop","new-stop-1712696131986",{"_98":200,"_95":132,"_126":-5,"_133":-5,"_134":-5,"_135":-5,"_136":196,"_137":201,"_35":202,"_140":-5,"_141":-5,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":-5,"_73":196,"_145":-5},133,{"_146":203,"_148":204,"_150":205,"_152":197,"_153":206},146,"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/vz8usifdzgfrbqi9qi3aodypgfz0","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/vz8usifdzgfrbqi9qi3aodypgfz0?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/vz8usifdzgfrbqi9qi3aodypgfz0?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/vz8usifdzgfrbqi9qi3aodypgfz0?variant=lqip",37,"reclaiming-on-a-grand-scale","Reclaiming on a Grand Scale",{"_35":182,"_64":183,"_73":184},7,{"_35":233,"_64":234,"_73":235},"7Q88+W8 Muskegon, MI, USA","

After the logs continued down their long and winding path of the Muskegon River they would end up in the reclamation pen areas, where logs would be sorted out by mark into the spots they would wait before being taken to the sawmill.

",43.26731468016848,-86.23414420571288,[225],"After the logs continued down their long and winding path of the Muskegon River they would end up in the reclamation pen areas, where logs would be sorted out by mark into the spots they would wait before being taken to the sawmill.",[224,208],{"_73":222,"_126":-5,"_127":223},[],"reclaimation.png","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/rl3xser4i7m3ep1mc2nvlhtmaqoz?variant=desktop","new-stop-1712696088461",{"_98":226,"_95":132,"_126":-5,"_133":-5,"_134":-5,"_135":-5,"_136":222,"_137":227,"_35":228,"_140":-5,"_141":-5,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":-5,"_73":222,"_145":-5},87,{"_146":229,"_148":230,"_150":231,"_152":223,"_153":232},93,"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/rl3xser4i7m3ep1mc2nvlhtmaqoz","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/rl3xser4i7m3ep1mc2nvlhtmaqoz?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/rl3xser4i7m3ep1mc2nvlhtmaqoz?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/rl3xser4i7m3ep1mc2nvlhtmaqoz?variant=lqip",36,"grand-theft-river","Grand Theft River",{"_35":207,"_64":208,"_73":209},6,{"_35":269,"_64":270,"_73":271},"Riverfront Park, 85 E Water St, Newaygo, MI 49337, USA","

At times there would be theft on the river, logs would be taken out of the drive, have their ends sawn off, and then remarked. There are still to this day marked ends of logs which will turn up all throughout the waterways used by the logging industry. After these were lifted out of the water and remarked they would be slipped back in. This was a practice which was done widely, thus the always even length of logs with some having extra length to facilitate the ability for it to happen without cutting into profits of anyone involved. Other issues plagued river logging in the height of the water determined the amount which could be put down river. If the river were to flood or were it to be too low then more and more issues would arise, logs would get caught on things or there wouldn't be enough room in the river for the same output as before.

",43.42273524587481,-85.80060849947509,[251,252],"At times there would be theft on the river, logs would be taken out of the drive, have their ends sawn off, and then remarked. There are still to this day marked ends of logs which will turn up all throughout the waterways used by the logging industry. After these were lifted out of the water and remarked they would be slipped back in. This was a practice which was done widely, thus the always even length of logs with some having extra length to facilitate the ability for it to happen without cutting into profits of anyone involved. Other issues plagued river logging in the height of the water determined the amount which could be put down river. If the river were to flood or were it to be too low then more and more issues would arise, logs would get caught on things or there wouldn't be enough room in the river for the same output as before.",[250,234],{"_73":248,"_126":-5,"_127":249},[],"upper bridge.png","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/wxv70oo715uvn5vkkoil6jcjv54f?variant=desktop","new-stop-1712696032108",{"_98":262,"_95":132,"_126":-5,"_133":-5,"_134":-5,"_135":-5,"_136":248,"_137":263,"_35":264,"_140":-5,"_141":-5,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":-5,"_73":248,"_145":-5},{"_98":253,"_95":23,"_126":-5,"_133":-5,"_134":-5,"_135":-5,"_136":254,"_137":255,"_35":256,"_140":-5,"_141":-5,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":-5,"_73":254,"_145":-5},85,"log end.gif",{"_146":257,"_148":258,"_150":259,"_152":260,"_153":261},91,"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/8awntgsg2rhk9nembul38nqkuvgc","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/8awntgsg2rhk9nembul38nqkuvgc?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/8awntgsg2rhk9nembul38nqkuvgc?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/8awntgsg2rhk9nembul38nqkuvgc?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/8awntgsg2rhk9nembul38nqkuvgc?variant=lqip",84,{"_146":265,"_148":266,"_150":267,"_152":249,"_153":268},90,"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/wxv70oo715uvn5vkkoil6jcjv54f","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/wxv70oo715uvn5vkkoil6jcjv54f?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/wxv70oo715uvn5vkkoil6jcjv54f?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/wxv70oo715uvn5vkkoil6jcjv54f?variant=lqip",35,"driving-on-by","Driving on by",{"_35":233,"_64":234,"_73":235},5,{"_35":304,"_64":305,"_73":306},"PGPC+88 Green Charter Township, MI, USA","

After markers were hammered into the logs they would be added to the log drive, going into the river. The log drives were chaotic and messy affairs. Logs could pile up in points, causing a jam. Sometimes these were handled by blasting the logs in order to loosen them. Other times some of the men dealing with the log drive would risk getting involved directly with the jams, aiming to remove just the right logs to get the rest to start moving again without getting caught up with them.

",43.73576461377321,-85.47914958885498,[288,289],"After markers were hammered into the logs they would be added to the log drive, going into the river. The log drives were chaotic and messy affairs. Logs could pile up in points, causing a jam. Sometimes these were handled by blasting the logs in order to loosen them. Other times some of the men dealing with the log drive would risk getting involved directly with the jams, aiming to remove just the right logs to get the rest to start moving again without getting caught up with them.",[286,287,270],{"_73":284,"_126":-5,"_127":285},[],"log drive 1.png","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/s0i9bxj6299paakzhfin03w46zxm?variant=desktop","new-stop-1712695625827","theft-on-the-river",{"_98":298,"_95":132,"_126":-5,"_133":-5,"_134":-5,"_135":-5,"_136":284,"_137":299,"_35":175,"_140":-5,"_141":-5,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":-5,"_73":284,"_145":-5},{"_98":290,"_95":23,"_126":-5,"_133":-5,"_134":-5,"_135":-5,"_136":291,"_137":292,"_35":131,"_140":-5,"_141":-5,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":-5,"_73":291,"_145":-5},83,"drive with poles.png",{"_146":293,"_148":294,"_150":295,"_152":296,"_153":297},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/9hzsbkxt90m4zqudimhwhxv9jc64","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/9hzsbkxt90m4zqudimhwhxv9jc64?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/9hzsbkxt90m4zqudimhwhxv9jc64?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/9hzsbkxt90m4zqudimhwhxv9jc64?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/9hzsbkxt90m4zqudimhwhxv9jc64?variant=lqip",82,{"_146":300,"_148":301,"_150":302,"_152":285,"_153":303},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/s0i9bxj6299paakzhfin03w46zxm","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/s0i9bxj6299paakzhfin03w46zxm?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/s0i9bxj6299paakzhfin03w46zxm?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/s0i9bxj6299paakzhfin03w46zxm?variant=lqip",34,"horse-ox-and-markers","Horse, Ox, and Markers",{"_35":269,"_64":270,"_73":271},4,{"_35":369,"_64":370,"_73":371},"PGPC+PQ Green Charter Township, MI, USA","

After a tree was divided up into the appropriate lengths and transported to the river by horse or ox. Once at the river the trees would be marked, having imprints hammered into them in order to distinguish who the logs belonged to. Each company would have their own markings, setting them apart from the others. These marks would vary from little designs which would indicate the company to the initials of the owner of a company.

",43.7367878647537,-85.47807670524902,[323,324,325,326,327],"After a tree was divided up into the appropriate lengths and transported to the river by horse or ox. Once at the river the trees would be marked, having imprints hammered into them in order to distinguish who the logs belonged to. Each company would have their own markings, setting them apart from the others. These marks would vary from little designs which would indicate the company to the initials of the owner of a company. ",[321,322,305],{"_73":319,"_126":-5,"_127":320},[],"horses.png","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oxuh7s4bug5wnjpkha7fms1z61el?variant=desktop","new-stop-1712695602977","horse-and-ox",{"_98":363,"_95":132,"_126":-5,"_133":-5,"_134":-5,"_135":-5,"_136":319,"_137":364,"_35":262,"_140":-5,"_141":-5,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":-5,"_73":319,"_145":-5},{"_98":355,"_95":23,"_126":-5,"_133":-5,"_134":-5,"_135":-5,"_136":356,"_137":357,"_35":253,"_140":-5,"_141":-5,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":-5,"_73":356,"_145":-5},{"_98":346,"_95":347,"_126":-5,"_133":-5,"_134":-5,"_135":-5,"_136":348,"_137":349,"_35":328,"_140":-5,"_141":-5,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":-5,"_73":348,"_145":-5},{"_98":337,"_95":338,"_126":-5,"_133":-5,"_134":-5,"_135":-5,"_136":339,"_137":340,"_35":226,"_140":-5,"_141":-5,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":-5,"_73":339,"_145":-5},{"_98":328,"_95":308,"_126":-5,"_133":-5,"_134":-5,"_135":-5,"_136":329,"_137":330,"_35":331,"_140":-5,"_141":-5,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":-5,"_73":329,"_145":-5},86,"marking hammer.png",{"_146":332,"_148":333,"_150":334,"_152":335,"_153":336},92,"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5fw0vsfe4cw4eofb83030r16vic1","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5fw0vsfe4cw4eofb83030r16vic1?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5fw0vsfe4cw4eofb83030r16vic1?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5fw0vsfe4cw4eofb83030r16vic1?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/5fw0vsfe4cw4eofb83030r16vic1?variant=lqip",81,3,"marks 2.png",{"_146":341,"_148":342,"_150":343,"_152":344,"_153":345},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/vaznczczhxg5mrhtbg8i53n4b9al","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/vaznczczhxg5mrhtbg8i53n4b9al?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/vaznczczhxg5mrhtbg8i53n4b9al?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/vaznczczhxg5mrhtbg8i53n4b9al?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/vaznczczhxg5mrhtbg8i53n4b9al?variant=lqip",80,2,"marks 1.png",{"_146":350,"_148":351,"_150":352,"_152":353,"_153":354},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/6l0loli7d2urs4w82ow3436x9232","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/6l0loli7d2urs4w82ow3436x9232?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/6l0loli7d2urs4w82ow3436x9232?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/6l0loli7d2urs4w82ow3436x9232?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/6l0loli7d2urs4w82ow3436x9232?variant=lqip",79,"oxen.png",{"_146":358,"_148":359,"_150":360,"_152":361,"_153":362},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/zw31xk8enk2v5es0nlvxm34n1qzt","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/zw31xk8enk2v5es0nlvxm34n1qzt?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/zw31xk8enk2v5es0nlvxm34n1qzt?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/zw31xk8enk2v5es0nlvxm34n1qzt?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/zw31xk8enk2v5es0nlvxm34n1qzt?variant=lqip",78,{"_146":365,"_148":366,"_150":367,"_152":320,"_153":368},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oxuh7s4bug5wnjpkha7fms1z61el","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oxuh7s4bug5wnjpkha7fms1z61el?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oxuh7s4bug5wnjpkha7fms1z61el?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oxuh7s4bug5wnjpkha7fms1z61el?variant=lqip",33,"cross-cutting","Cross-Cutting",{"_35":304,"_64":305,"_73":306},{"_35":395,"_64":396,"_73":397},"PGPJ+RP Green Charter Township, MI, USA","

After the tree was felled and de-limbed yet another team of people would come in and begin to cut up the tree logs into segments. These segments would be in lengths of 12, 14, 16, 18, or even 20 feet long. Saws would finally be used, there being two main variants of saws used in logging but one for this purpose. A bucked cross-cutting saw is a saw which is made for two men to go back and forth with each other in order to divide the tree up into parts. The main difference between a bucked cross cutting saw and it's counterpart the felling saw was that a bucked saw was not straight edged, it dipped in the middle in order to have a better, more natural flow to cutting an already felled log into individual sections.

",43.73709793735625,-85.46816326072998,[388],"After the tree was felled and de-limbed yet another team of people would come in and begin to cut up the tree logs into segments. These segments would be in lengths of 12, 14, 16, 18, or even 20 feet long. Saws would finally be used, there being two main variants of saws used in logging but one for this purpose. A bucked cross-cutting saw is a saw which is made for two men to go back and forth with each other in order to divide the tree up into parts. The main difference between a bucked cross cutting saw and it's counterpart the felling saw was that a bucked saw was not straight edged, it dipped in the middle in order to have a better, more natural flow to cutting an already felled log into individual sections. ",[385,386,387,370],{"_73":383,"_126":-5,"_127":384},[],"crosscutsaw.png","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/uni8azeuwcoglmbk6t0yo5pybndf?variant=desktop","new-stop-1712695498329","team-comes-in-and","team-comes-in-and-cuts-down-the-tree-wi",{"_98":389,"_95":132,"_126":-5,"_133":-5,"_134":-5,"_135":-5,"_136":383,"_137":390,"_35":290,"_140":-5,"_141":-5,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":-5,"_73":383,"_145":-5},77,{"_146":391,"_148":392,"_150":393,"_152":384,"_153":394},"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/uni8azeuwcoglmbk6t0yo5pybndf","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/uni8azeuwcoglmbk6t0yo5pybndf?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/uni8azeuwcoglmbk6t0yo5pybndf?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/uni8azeuwcoglmbk6t0yo5pybndf?variant=lqip",32,"notching-felling-delimbing","Notching, felling, delimbing",{"_35":369,"_64":370,"_73":371},{"_35":422,"_64":423,"_73":424},"

First, a team comes in and begins to notch the trees in the area. This duty would be handled by an individual group of men who's purpose was to notch the trees which would be cut down that day. Next would come those who would begin to cut the tree from the opposite side of the notch, aiming to fell it towards the side the notch was cut in. Further, the next task would be to delimb the tree, to make the job of cutting up the tree further easier. Michigan had her own pattern of axe called a Michigan felling axe. Most trees within Michigan were felled with axes, not saws as they were saved for after the tree would be de-limbed.

",[412],"First, a team comes in and begins to notch the trees in the area. This duty would be handled by an individual group of men who's purpose was to notch the trees which would be cut down that day. Next would come those who would begin to cut the tree from the opposite side of the notch, aiming to fell it towards the side the notch was cut in. Further, the next task would be to delimb the tree, to make the job of cutting up the tree further easier. Michigan had her own pattern of axe called a Michigan felling axe. Most trees within Michigan were felled with axes, not saws as they were saved for after the tree would be de-limbed. ",[408,409,410,411,396],{"_73":406,"_126":-5,"_127":407},[],"axes.png","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oc7x8zbfyqtoj9ganms27k8g3qax?variant=desktop","new-stop-1712695402060","team-comes-in-and-begins-to-notch","team-comes-in-and-begins-to-notch-the-trees-in-the-area","notching",{"_98":264,"_95":132,"_126":-5,"_133":413,"_134":-5,"_135":-5,"_136":406,"_137":414,"_35":415,"_140":273,"_141":416,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":417,"_73":406,"_145":-5},500,{"_146":418,"_148":419,"_150":420,"_152":407,"_153":421},96,300,400,"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oc7x8zbfyqtoj9ganms27k8g3qax","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oc7x8zbfyqtoj9ganms27k8g3qax?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oc7x8zbfyqtoj9ganms27k8g3qax?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/oc7x8zbfyqtoj9ganms27k8g3qax?variant=lqip",31,"white-pine","White Pine",{"_35":395,"_64":396,"_73":397},"

White pine was the wood of choice for logging within Michigan. It is soft and easy to work with, does not warp readily, and has less resin and knots as other types of woods within Michigan like red and jack pine. The bark of the trees are a reddish brown with the main distinguisher from the outside compared to red and jack being that the needles of the tree come in groups of five. The typical height of one grows from around 50-100ft tall.

",[],"White pine was the wood of choice for logging within Michigan. It is soft and easy to work with, does not warp readily, and has less resin and knots as other types of woods within Michigan like red and jack pine. The bark of the trees are a reddish brown with the main distinguisher from the outside compared to red and jack being that the needles of the tree come in groups of five. The typical height of one grows from around 50-100ft tall.",[431,432,423],[],"new-stop-1712683310791","tree-in-a-forest","new-tour-1712683220302","river-logging","muskeegon-river-logging","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/xbinony7gmsaos1z1m93rdgcu6xx?variant=desktop",{"_98":445,"_35":23,"_73":446},{"_98":443,"_35":347,"_73":444},{"_98":422,"_35":338,"_73":442},{"_98":395,"_35":308,"_73":441},"WALKING","TRANSIT",30,"DRIVING",29,"BICYCLING",{"_98":211,"_95":23,"_126":-5,"_133":-5,"_134":-5,"_135":-5,"_136":406,"_137":448,"_35":449,"_140":-5,"_141":-5,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":-5,"_73":406,"_145":-5},{"_146":450,"_148":451,"_150":452,"_152":436,"_153":453},155,"https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/xbinony7gmsaos1z1m93rdgcu6xx","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/xbinony7gmsaos1z1m93rdgcu6xx?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/xbinony7gmsaos1z1m93rdgcu6xx?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/wmu-humanities/v4/public/media/xbinony7gmsaos1z1m93rdgcu6xx?variant=lqip","south",41.644086953892334,"north",43.96965471329669,"east",-85.19807691051788,"west",-87.89894041263884,"centerLat",42.806870833594516,"centerLng",-86.54850866157835,52,"external_url","footer_logo","name","WMU Humanities","logo_url","matomo_id","notes","subdir","tourSet",{"_35":483,"_79":484,"_485":486,"_487":488},"request",{"_479":480,"_481":482},"protocol","http","host","wmu-humanities.opentour.site","52","tour_sets","attributes",{"_469":470,"_474":10,"_493":494,"_495":496,"_471":-5,"_497":498},"relationships",{"_489":490},"admins",{"_491":492},"data",[],"published_tours",[542,543,544,545,546,547],"mapable_tours",[509,510,511,512,513,514],"logo",{"_469":497,"_499":500},"record",{"_35":466,"_469":470,"_501":502,"_503":504,"_474":10,"_505":-5,"_467":-5,"_473":-5,"_468":-5,"_506":-5,"_507":508,"_29":-5,"_472":308},"created_at","2023-11-03T14:23:16.536Z","updated_at","2026-10-15T18:22:23.392Z","tour_id","base_sixty_four","logo_title","WMU Brand Mark .jpg",{"_73":537,"_64":538,"_517":539},{"_73":532,"_64":533,"_517":534},{"_73":527,"_64":528,"_517":529},{"_73":522,"_64":523,"_517":524},{"_73":74,"_64":16,"_517":521},{"_73":515,"_64":516,"_517":518},"Douglass Community Center","douglass-community-center","center",{"_107":519,"_109":520},42.303898982202774,-85.59769600776673,{"_107":463,"_109":465},"Mega Semiquincentennial Tour","mega-semiquincentennial-tour",{"_107":525,"_109":526},42.207135349999994,-85.59825425,"Downtown Kalamazoo Public Art Walking Tour","downtown-kalamazoo-public-art-walking-tour",{"_107":530,"_109":531},42.290309199999996,-85.58406585,"Now and Then on Westnedge Hill","now-and-then-on-westnedge-hill",{"_107":535,"_109":536},42.266818162324945,-85.58846755405827,"Mountain Home Cemetery ","mountain-home-cemetery",{"_107":540,"_109":541},42.294051271782294,-85.60298998448505,{"_73":537,"_64":538,"_548":554},{"_73":532,"_64":533,"_548":553},{"_73":527,"_64":528,"_548":552},{"_73":522,"_64":523,"_548":551},{"_73":74,"_64":16,"_548":550},{"_73":515,"_64":516,"_548":549},"location",{"_107":519,"_109":520},{"_107":463,"_109":465},{"_107":525,"_109":526},{"_107":530,"_109":531},{"_107":535,"_109":536},{"_107":540,"_109":541}]